Controlled load balancing between access networks with various policies from different sources

1. A method for load balancing, comprising:

sending a traffic steering command to a user equipment, wherein the traffic steering command contains an indication of a first rule to be applied by the user equipment with respect to selecting radio access between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access;

evaluating which rule to apply; and

sending a second traffic steering command to the user equipment based on the evaluating,

wherein the second traffic steering command contains an indication of a second rule to be applied by the user equipment with respect to selecting radio access between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access,

wherein the second rule instructs the user equipment to go or to stay with cellular radio access, or instruct the user equipment to go to or stay with non-cellular radio access,

wherein the non-cellular radio access comprises wireless local area network (WLAN) access networks,

wherein the second traffic steering command further includes a plurality of lists that list the WLAN access networks based on at least one of a service set identifier (SSID), a basic service set identifier (BSSID), and a homogeneous extended service set identifier (HESSID) for which the rules are applicable,

wherein the plurality of lists includes a first list for an operator's own WLAN access networks, and a second list for a partner's WLAN access networks, and

wherein the user equipment is not using access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF MO) before receiving the first rule.

2. The method for load balancing of claim 1 , wherein the sending the second traffic steering command comprises sending a dedicated message or a broadcast message.

3. The method for load balancing of claim 1 , wherein the cellular radio access comprises UTRAN or E-UTRAN.

4. The method for load balancing of claim 1 , wherein the non-cellular radio access comprises WLAN.

5. The method for load balancing of claim 1 , wherein the second rule further indicates one or more bearers for which the user equipment is to apply non-cellular access.

6. The method for load balancing of claim 5 , wherein the one or more bearers comprises a bearer for best effort traffic.

7. The method for load balancing of claim 1 , wherein the second rule further indicates a domain name list that lists one or more domain names of an entity operating a WLAN access network.

8. A method for load balancing, comprising:

receiving a traffic steering command by a user equipment, wherein the traffic steering command contains an indication of a first rule to apply with respect to selection of radio access between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access;

selecting between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access based on the first rule; and

receiving a second traffic steering command including an indication of a second rule to be applied by the user equipment with respect to selecting radio access between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access,

wherein the second rule instructs the user equipment to go or to stay with cellular radio access, or instruct the user equipment to go to or stay with non-cellular radio access,

wherein the non-cellular radio access comprises wireless local area network (WLAN) access networks,

wherein the second traffic steering command further includes a plurality of lists that list the WLAN access networks based on at least one of a service set identifier (SSID), a basic service set identifier (BSSID), and a homogeneous extended service set identifier (HESSID) for which the rules are applicable,

wherein the plurality of lists includes a first list for an operator's own WLAN access networks, and a second list for a partner's WLAN access networks, and

wherein the user equipment is not using access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF MO) before receiving the first rule.

9. The method for load balancing of claim 8 , wherein the second rule further indicates one or more bearers for which the user equipment is to apply non-cellular access.

10. The method for load balancing of claim 9 , wherein the one or more bearers comprises a bearer for best effort traffic.

11. The method for load balancing of claim 8 , wherein the second rule further indicates a domain name list that lists one or more domain names of an entity operating a WLAN access network.

12. An apparatus for load balancing, comprising:

at least one processor; and

at least one memory including computer program code,

wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to

send a traffic steering command to a user equipment, wherein the traffic steering command contains an indication of a first rule to be applied by the user equipment with respect to selecting radio access between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access;

evaluate which rule to apply; and

send a second traffic steering command to the user equipment based on the evaluating,

wherein the second traffic steering command contains an indication of a second rule to be applied by the user equipment with respect to selecting radio access between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access

wherein the second rule instructs the user equipment to go or to stay with cellular radio access, or instruct the user equipment to go to or stay with non-cellular radio access,

wherein the non-cellular radio access comprises wireless local area network (WLAN) access networks,

wherein the second traffic steering command further includes a plurality of lists that list the WLAN access networks based on at least one of a service set identifier (SSID), a basic service set identifier (BSSID), and a homogeneous extended service set identifier (HESSID) for which the rules are applicable,

wherein the plurality of lists includes a first list for an operator's own WLAN access networks, and a second list for a partner's WLAN access networks, and

wherein the user equipment is not configured to use access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF MO) before receiving the first rule.

13. The apparatus for load balancing of claim 12 , wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to send the second traffic steering command by sending a dedicated message or a broadcast message.

14. The apparatus for load balancing of claim 12 , wherein the cellular radio comprises UTRAN or E-UTRAN.

15. The apparatus for load balancing of claim 12 , wherein the non-cellular radio access comprises WLAN.

16. An apparatus for load balancing, comprising:

at least one processor; and

at least one memory including computer program code,

wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to

receive a traffic steering command by a user equipment, wherein the traffic steering command contains an indication of a first rule to apply with respect to selection of radio access between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access;

select between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access based on the first rule; and

receive a second traffic steering command including an indication of a second rule to be applied by the user equipment with respect to selecting radio access between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access,

wherein the second rule instructs the user equipment to go or to stay with cellular radio access, or instruct the user equipment to go to or stay with non-cellular radio access,

wherein the non-cellular radio access comprises wireless local area network (WLAN) access networks,

wherein the second traffic steering command further includes a plurality of lists that list the WLAN access networks based on at least one of a service set identifier (SSID), a basic service set identifier (BSSID), and a homogeneous extended service set identifier (HESSID) for which the rules are applicable,

wherein the plurality of lists includes a first list for an operator's own WLAN access networks, and a second list for a partner's WLAN access networks, and

wherein the user equipment is not configured to use access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF MO) before receiving the first rule.

17. A computer program for load balancing, embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, the computer program, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:

send a traffic steering command to a user equipment, wherein the traffic steering command contains an indication of a first rule to be applied by the user equipment with respect to selecting radio access between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access;

evaluating which rule to apply; and

send a second traffic steering command to the user equipment based on the evaluating,

wherein the second traffic steering command contains an indication of a second rule to be applied by the user equipment with respect to selecting radio access between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access,

wherein the second rule instructs the user equipment to go or to stay with cellular radio access, or instruct the user equipment to go to or stay with non-cellular radio access,

wherein the non-cellular radio access comprises wireless local area network (WLAN) access networks,

wherein the second traffic steering command further includes a plurality of lists that list the WLAN access networks based on at least one of a service set identifier (SSID), a basic service set identifier (BSSID), and a homogeneous extended service set identifier (HESSID) for which the rules are applicable, and

wherein the plurality of lists includes a first list for an operator's own WLAN access networks, and a second list for a partner's WLAN access networks, and

wherein the user equipment is not using access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF MO) before receiving the first rule.

18. The computer program for load balancing of claim 17 , wherein sending the second traffic steering command comprises sending a dedicated message or a broadcast message.

19. The computer program for load balancing of claim 17 , wherein the cellular radio access comprises UTRAN or E-UTRAN.

20. The computer program for load balancing of claim 17 , wherein the non-cellular radio access comprises WLAN.

21. A computer program for load balancing, embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, the computer program, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:

receive a traffic steering command by a user equipment, wherein the traffic steering command contains an indication of a first rule to apply with respect to selection of radio access between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access;

select between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access based on the first rule; and

receive a second traffic steering command including an indication of a second rule to be applied by the user equipment with respect to selecting radio access between cellular radio access and non-cellular radio access,

wherein the second rule instructs the user equipment to go or to stay with cellular radio access, or instruct the user equipment to go to or stay with non-cellular radio access,

wherein the non-cellular radio access comprises wireless local area network (WLAN) access networks,

wherein the second traffic steering command further includes a plurality of lists that list the WLAN access networks based on at least one of a service set identifier (SSID), a basic service set identifier (BSSID), and a homogeneous extended service set identifier (HESSID) for which the rules are applicable,

wherein the plurality of lists includes a first list for an operator's own WLAN access networks, and a second list for a partner's WLAN access networks, and

wherein the user equipment is not using access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF MO) before receiving the first rule.