CORN MEAL COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF PRODUCTION
Compositions derived from grain-to-ethanol fermentation processes and methods of producing the compositions are provided. The compositions may be corn meal products generated by fractionating corn kernels to isolate the endosperm, converting starch in the endosperm to sugar at temperatures less than 150-180° F., fermenting the sugar, and separating out the resulting solids. The solids may undergo a protein extraction process, and then undergo a solvent exchange to remove water from the solids and re-place it with a more volatile chemical, such as ethanol. The solids are then dried at less than 150-180° F. The resulting meal product may include protein in an amount ranging from about 31 to about 45%, up to about 3% fat, up to about 3% ash, a neutral detergent fiber in an amount ranging from about 32 to about 50%, and up to about 15% starch, all on a dry weight basis.
1 . A composition, comprising: a product derived from a wet solids portion of a beer product of a grain-to-ethanol fermentation process, wherein the product comprises a minimally heat-damaged protein in an amount ranging from about 31 to about 45% of the product on a dry weight basis, wherein the minimally heat-damaged protein is protein that has not been exposed to temperatures exceeding about 180° F.
2 . A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is a corn meal composition.
3 . A composition according to claim 2 , wherein the minimally heat-damaged protein is a corn protein.
4 . A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the product further comprises up to about 3% fat on a dry weight basis.
5 . A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the minimally heat-damaged protein is a protein that has not been exposed to temperatures exceeding about 150° F.
6 . A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the protein is minimally-heat damaged soybean protein.
7 . A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the protein comprises protein derived from corn endosperm.
8 . A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the product further comprises a neutral detergent fiber in an amount ranging from about 32% to about 50% a dry weight basis.
9 . A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the product further comprises fat in an amount ranging from about 0.8% to about 3% on a dry weight basis.
10 . A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the product further comprises up to about 15% starch on a dry weight basis.
11 . A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the product further comprises starch in an amount ranging from about 10% to about 15% on a dry weight basis.
12 . A method, comprising:
a. exchanging at least a portion of water in a wet solids product derived from a grain-to-ethanol fermentation beer with a solvent having one of at least a lower heat of vaporization, lower heat capacity, or lower boiling point than water; and,
b. drying the wet solids at a temperature of about 180° F. or less to generate a product comprising a minimally heat-damaged protein in an amount ranging from about 31 to about 45% of the product on a dry weight basis, wherein the minimally heat-damaged protein is protein that has not been exposed to temperatures exceeding about 180° F.
13 . A method according to claim 12 , wherein the grain is corn and the process further comprises producing a corn meal product.
14 . A method according to claim 13 , further comprising:
a. fractionating a corn kernel to substantially isolate an endosperm;
b. converting at least some portion of starch in the endosperm to sugar at a temperature of about 180° F. or less;
c. fermenting the sugar to produce a beer; and,
d. obtaining the wet solids portion from the beer.
15 . A method according to 12 , further comprising extracting a protein from the wet solids prior to solvent exchange.
16 . A method according to claim 12 , further comprising removing starch from the wet solids.
17 . A method according to claim 14 , wherein converting the starch to sugar and drying of the solids is performed at about 150 ° F. or less.
18 . A method according to claim 12 , wherein the solvent is ethanol.
19 . A method according to 12 , wherein the solvent is a solution of ethanol in water.
20 . A method according to 19 , wherein the solvent is approximately 95% ethanol.
21 . A method according to claim 12 , wherein the solvent is chosen to result in a a concentration of ethanol in the wet solids product at or above the azeotrope for water and ethanol.