Gas turbine engine with liquid metal cooling
A gas turbine engine with a closed-loop liquid metal cooling fluid system for cooling stator vanes within the turbine, in which the stator vanes are made of a metallic material that will not react with the liquid metal cooling fluid. The stator vane may be made from a typical metal material such as ferrous metal alloys, nickel alloys or cobalt (Co) alloys, and an insert or liner made of molybdenum or tantalum may be placed inside to protect the outer vane material from reacting with a liquid metal such as bismuth, lead (Pb), indium, or alloy mixtures of thereof. In the case where the liquid coolant is bismuth, the liquid bismuth must be purged from the cooling system before the fluid cools and solidifies so the solidified bismuth does not expand and break the vanes.
1. A stator vane for a turbine engine used to produce electrical power, the stator vane comprising:
an airfoil with an external surface exposed to a hot gas flow passing through a turbine;
a liner forming a liquid metal coolant passage within the airfoil to provide cooling for the airfoil;
the airfoil formed from a base metal that is reactive to a liquid metal coolant;
a gap formed between the airfoil and the liner;
the gap filled with a heat conducting liquid to transfer heat from the airfoil to the liquid metal coolant through the liner; and,
the liner being formed from a material that is non-reactive to both the base metal of the airfoil and the liquid metal coolant.
2. The stator vane of claim 1 , and further comprising:
a first bellows chamber formed on an outer endwall of the stator vane to form a variable volume reservoir for the heat conducting liquid that fills the gap.
3. The stator vane of claim 2 , and further comprising:
a second bellows chamber connected to the first bellows; and,
the second bellows chamber being biased by a spring to keep the gap filled with heat conducting liquid during expansion and contraction of the gap.
4. The stator vane of claim 1 , and further comprising: wherein
the heat conducting liquid is liquid sodium.
5. The stator vane of claim 1 , wherein the liquid metal coolant is bismuth or lead.
6. The stator vane of claim 1 , wherein the liquid metal coolant is a combination of bismuth and lead.
7. The stator vane of claim 1 , wherein the liquid metal coolant is a combination of bismuth, lead, and indium.
8. The stator vane of claim 1 , wherein the base metal of the stator vane is one of a ferrous alloy, a nickel alloy, and a cobalt alloy.
9. The stator vane of claim 1 , wherein the liner material is molybdenum or tantalum.
10. An industrial gas turbine engine for the production of electric power, comprising:
a compressor to supply compressed air to a combustor;
a turbine rotatably connected to the compressor, the turbine positioned to receive a hot gas stream produced in the combustor;
a first stage row of stator vanes within the turbine, the first stage row of stator vanes being formed from a base metal;
a cooling fluid passage formed within the first stage row of stator vanes;
a liquid metal coolant passing through the cooling fluid passage of the first stage row of stator vanes to provide cooling to the first stage row of stator vanes, the liquid metal coolant being reactive to the base metal of the first stage row of stator vanes; and,
a liner within the cooling fluid passage of the first stage row of stator vanes to prevent the liquid metal coolant from reacting to the base metal of the first stage row of stator vanes, the liner being formed from a material that does not react with the base metal of the first stage row of stator vanes and the liquid metal coolant; and,
the liquid metal coolant is a combination of bismuth, lead, and indium.
11. An industrial gas turbine engine for the production of electric power, comprising:
a compressor to supply compressed air to a combustor;
a turbine rotatably connected to the compressor, the turbine positioned to receive a hot gas stream produced in the combustor;
a first stage row of stator vanes within the turbine, the first stage row of stator vanes being formed from a base metal;
a cooling fluid passage formed within the first stage row of stator vanes;
a liquid metal coolant passing through the cooling fluid passage of the first stage row of stator vanes to provide cooling to the first stage row of stator vanes, the liquid metal coolant being reactive to the base metal of the first stage row of stator vanes; and,
a liner within the cooling fluid passage of the first stage row of stator vanes to prevent the liquid metal coolant from reacting to the base metal of the first stage row of stator vanes, the liner being formed from a material that does not react with the base metal of the first stage row of stator vanes and the liquid metal coolant;
a gap formed between an airfoil of the stator vanes and the liner; and,
the gap filled with a heat conducting fluid to transfer heat from the airfoil to the liquid metal coolant through the liner.
12. An industrial gas turbine engine for electrical power production, comprising:
a turbine with a stator vane, the turbine driving an electric generator to produce electrical power, the stator vane being formed from a base metal and with a coolant passage therein;
a liquid metal coolant circuit passing through the coolant passage formed within the stator vane, a liquid metal coolant being reactive to the base metal of the stator vane; and,
a liner secured within the coolant passage of the stator vane to prevent the liquid metal coolant from reacting to the base metal of the stator vane, the liner being formed from a material that does not react with the base metal of the stator vane or the liquid metal coolant; and,
the liquid metal coolant is a combination of bismuth, lead, and indium.
13. An industrial gas turbine engine for electrical power production, comprising:
a turbine with a stator vane, the turbine driving an electric generator to produce electrical power, the stator vane being formed from a base metal and with a coolant passage therein;
a liquid metal coolant circuit passing through the coolant passage formed within the stator vane, a liquid metal coolant being reactive to the base metal of the stator vane; and,
a liner secured within the coolant passage of the stator vane to prevent the liquid metal coolant from reacting to the base metal of the stator vane, the liner being formed from a material that does not react with the base metal of the stator vane or the liquid metal coolant;
a gap formed between an airfoil of the stator vane and the liner; and,
the gap filled with a heat conducting fluid to transfer heat from the airfoil to liquid metal coolant through the liner.