EMBOSSED FRONTLIGHT SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF FORMING SAME
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for forming light-guiding layers including embossed light-turning features. In one aspect, an aluminized polymer layer can be embossed onto a light-transmissive layer having a high index of refraction to form the light-guiding layer. In another aspect, the light-guiding layers may be formed using a mold that has positive relief features and features which mechanically separate a portion of an embossed reflective layer from surrounding portions of the embossed reflective layer to form light-turning features.
1 . A device comprising:
a light-guiding layer capable of constraining light propagating therein, the light-guiding layer including a plurality of depressions embossed in a first surface of the light-guiding layer; and
a plurality of light-turning features disposed within the depressions in the first-surface of the light-guiding layer and including a reflective layer extending adjacent the depressions without extending laterally beyond the edges of the depressions in the light-guiding layer and over a substantially planar portion of the first surface of the light-guiding layer.
2 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the light-turning features include an angled sidewall oriented at an angle to the first surface of the light-guiding layer and capable of turning light propagating within the light-guiding layer out of the light-guiding layer.
3 . The device of claim 2 , wherein the angles between the sidewalls of the light-turning features and lines normal to the substantially planar portions of the first surface of the light guiding layer are between 35° and 50°.
4 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of light-turning features have a diameter of between 5 and 15 um at their widest point.
5 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the depressions in the first-surface of the light-guiding layer have a depth of between 1.5 and 15 um.
6 . The device of claim 1 , additionally including a first cladding layer and a second cladding layer formed from a material having a lower index of refraction than the material of the light-guiding layer, wherein the light-guiding layer and the plurality of light-turning features are disposed between the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer.
7 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the light-guiding layer includes a thermoset plastic.
8 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the reflective layer includes a layer of aluminum (Al) or an aluminum-copper (Al—Cu) alloy.
9 . The device of claim 1 , additionally including a shielding layer on the opposite side of the reflective layer as the light-guiding layer, wherein the shielding layer is less reflective than the reflective layer.
10 . The device of claim 9 , wherein the shielding layer includes one of a photoresist material and a dark chrome material.
11 . The device of claim 1 , additionally including a reflective display disposed on the opposite side of the light-guiding layer as the plurality of light-turning features.
12 . A device comprising:
a light-guiding layer capable of constraining light propagating therein, the light-guiding layer including a plurality of depressions embossed in a first surface of the light-guiding layer; and
a plurality of light-turning features disposed within the depressions in the first-surface of the light-guiding layer and including a reflective layer extending adjacent interior surfaces of the depressions without extending vertically above the edges of the depressions in the light-guiding layer.
13 . The device of claim 12 , wherein the light-turning features include an angled sidewall oriented at an angle to a line normal to a substantially planar section of the first surface of the light-guiding layer and capable of turning light propagating within the light-guiding layer out of the light-guiding layer.
14 . The device of claim 13 , wherein the angles between the sidewalls of the light-turning features and lines normal to the substantially planar portions of the first surface of the light guiding layer are between 35° and 50°.
15 . The device of claim 12 , wherein the plurality of light-turning features have a diameter of between 5 and 15 um at their widest point.
16 . The device of claim 12 , wherein the depressions in the first-surface of the light-guiding layer have a depth of between 1.5 and 15 um.
17 . The device of claim 12 , additionally including a first cladding layer and a second cladding layer formed from a material having a lower index of refraction than the material of the light-guiding layer, wherein the light-guiding layer and the plurality of light-turning features are disposed between the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer.
18 . The device of claim 12 , wherein the light-guiding layer includes a thermoset plastic.
19 . The device of claim 12 , wherein the reflective layer includes a layer of aluminum (Al) or an aluminum-copper (Al—Cu) alloy.
20 . The device of claim 12 , additionally including a shielding layer on the opposite side of the reflective layer as the light-guiding layer, wherein the shielding layer is less reflective than the reflective layer.
21 . The device of claim 20 , wherein the shielding layer includes one of a photoresist material and a dark chrome material.
22 . The device of claim 12 , additionally including a reflective display disposed on the opposite side of the light-guiding layer as the plurality of light-turning features.
23 . The device of claim 22 , additionally including:
a processor capable of communicating with the reflective display, the processor being capable of processing image data; and
a memory device capable of communicating with the processor.
24 . The device of claim 23 , additionally including:
a driver circuit capable of sending at least one signal to the reflective display; and
a controller capable of sending at least a portion of the image data to the driver circuit.
25 . The device of claim 23 , additionally at least one of:
an image source module capable of sending the image data to the processor, wherein the image source module includes at least one of a receiver, transceiver, and transmitter; and
an input device capable of receiving input data and to communicate the input data to the processor.
26 . A device comprising:
a light-guiding layer capable of constraining light propagating therein, the light-guiding layer including a plurality of depressions embossed in a first surface of the light-guiding layer; and
a plurality of depressions embossed into the depressions in the first-surface of the light-guiding layer; and
aluminized polymer layers extending adjacent interior surfaces of the depressions to form a plurality of light-turning features within the plurality of depressions in the light-guiding layer.
27 . The device of claim 26 , wherein the aluminized polymer layers do not extend vertically above the edges of the depressions in the light-guiding layer.
28 . The device of claim 26 , wherein the aluminized polymer layers do not extend laterally beyond the edges of the depressions in the light-guiding layer and over a substantially planar portion of the first surface of the light-guiding layer.
29 . The device of claim 26 , wherein the light-guiding layer includes a thermoset plastic.
30 . The device of claim 26 , wherein each of the plurality of depressions includes an angled sidewall oriented at an angle of between 35° and 50° to a line normal to the first surface of the light-guiding layer.