Tunable laser including parallel lasing cavities with a common output
A parallel cavity tunable laser generally includes a semiconductor laser body defining a plurality of parallel laser cavities with a common output. Each of the parallel laser cavities is configured to be driven independently to generate laser light at a wavelength within a different respective wavelength range. The wavelength of the light generated in each of the laser cavities may be tuned, in response to a temperature change, to a channel wavelength within the respective wavelength range. The laser light generated in each selected one of the laser cavities is emitted from the common output at a front facet of the laser body. By selectively generating light in one or more of the laser cavities, one or more channel wavelengths may be selected for lasing and transmission.
1. A tunable laser comprising:
a semiconductor laser body extending between a front facet and a back facet, the laser body including a plurality of parallel laser cavities each configured to be driven independently to generate laser light at a wavelength within a different respective wavelength range, wherein each of the plurality of parallel laser cavities is tunable in response to temperature changes to generate a selected wavelength within the respective wavelength range and wherein each of the plurality of parallel laser cavities converges at a common output at the front facet such that the laser light generated from each selected one of the parallel laser cavities is emitted from the common output at the front facet.
2. The tunable laser of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of parallel laser cavities include three laser cavities.
3. The tunable laser of claim 1 , wherein each said different respective wavelength range includes at least five channel wavelengths.
4. The tunable laser of claim 3 , wherein each of the parallel laser cavities is tunable to one of the five channel wavelengths using the same temperature range.
5. The tunable laser of claim 1 , wherein each said different respective wavelength range includes channel wavelengths in the C-band.
6. The tunable laser of claim 1 , wherein each of the parallel laser cavities comprises:
a semiconductor active region for amplifying, by stimulated emission, light at a wavelength in the respective wavelength range; and
a grating section along the active region, the grating section being configured to produce the wavelength in the respective wavelength range.
7. The tunable laser of claim 6 , wherein the front facet and the back facet include anti-reflective (AR) coatings.
8. The tunable laser of claim 6 , wherein the grating section provides a phase shift of the laser light between a front and a back of the grating section, and wherein the phase shift is configured to provide single mode operation at the selected wavelength.
9. The tunable laser of claim 8 , wherein the phase shift provides a λ/4 phase shift of the laser light.
10. The tunable laser of claim 8 , wherein the grating section includes a phase shift section that flips the grating by 180 degrees between the front and back of the grating section.
11. The tunable laser of claim 8 , wherein the grating section includes a blank section between the front and the back of the grating section, and wherein the blank section provides the phase shift.
12. The tunable laser of claim 8 , wherein the grating section includes a back grating section having a first reflectance and a front grating section having a second reflectance greater than the first reflectance such that lasing occurs between the back grating section and the front grating section and laser light passes through the front grating section.
13. The tunable laser of claim 1 , wherein each of the parallel laser cavities comprises:
a semiconductor active region for amplifying, by stimulated emission, light at a wavelength in the respective wavelength range;
a back grating section having a first reflectance; and
a front grating section having a second reflectance greater than the first reflectance such that lasing occurs between the back grating section and the front grating section and laser light passes through the front grating section, and wherein the back and front grating sections are configured to emit a wavelength within the respective wavelength range.
14. The tunable laser of claim 13 , wherein the back grating section is longer than the front grating section.
15. The tunable laser of claim 13 , further comprising a phase shift section between the back grating section and the front grating section, and wherein the phase shift section is configured to provide a phase shift of the laser light.
16. The tunable laser of claim 15 , wherein the phase shift section provides approximately a λ/4 phase shift of the laser light.
17. The tunable laser of claim 15 , wherein the phase shift section flips the grating by 180 degrees between the back grating section and the front grating section.
18. The tunable laser of claim 15 , wherein the phase shift section is a blank grating section without a grating.
19. An optical networking unit comprising:
a photodetector for receiving an optical signal at a received channel wavelength, wherein the received channel wavelength is in one of the L-band or the C-band; and
a tunable laser for transmitting an optical signal at a transmitted channel wavelength, wherein the transmitted channel wavelength is in the other of the L-band or the C-band, the tunable laser comprising a semiconductor laser body extending between a front facet and a back facet, the laser body including a plurality of parallel laser cavities each configured to be driven independently to generate laser light at a wavelength within a different respective wavelength range, wherein each of the plurality of parallel laser cavities is tunable in response to temperature changes to generate a selected wavelength within the respective wavelength range and wherein each of the plurality of parallel laser cavities converges at a common output at the front facet such that the laser light generated from each selected one of the parallel laser cavities is emitted from the common output at the front facet.
20. A wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system comprising:
a plurality of terminals associated with different respective channel wavelengths and configured to transmit optical signals on the different respective channel wavelengths, at least one of the plurality of terminals including at least a tunable laser configured to be tuned to a respective one of the channel wavelengths, the tunable laser comprising:
a semiconductor laser body extending between a front facet and a back facet, the laser body including a plurality of parallel laser cavities each configured to be driven independently to generate laser light at a wavelength within a different respective wavelength range, wherein each of the plurality of parallel laser cavities is tunable in response to temperature changes to generate a selected wavelength within the respective wavelength range and wherein each of the plurality of parallel laser cavities converges at a common output at the front facet such that the laser light generated from each selected one of the parallel laser cavities is emitted from the common output at the front facet.
21. The WDM system of claim 20 wherein the plurality of terminals include optical networking terminals (ONTs) in a WDM passive optical network (PON).
22. The WDM system of claim 21 further comprising:
at least one optical line terminal (OLT) configured to receive aggregate WDM optical signals including the channel wavelengths;
at least one branching point coupled between the OLT and the plurality of ONTs, the branching point being configured to combine the optical signals at the channel wavelengths; and
a trunk optical path coupling the OLT and the branching point.
23. A method comprising:
providing a tunable laser comprising a semiconductor laser body extending between a front facet and a back facet, the laser body including a plurality of parallel laser cavities configured to generate laser light within different respective wavelength ranges, wherein each of the plurality of parallel laser cavities converges at a common output at the front facet such that the laser light generated from each selected one of the parallel laser cavities is emitted from the common output at the front facet;
driving a selected one of the parallel laser cavities independently of others of the parallel laser cavities to generate laser light from the selected one of the parallel laser cavities within a respective wavelength range;
tuning the tunable laser such that the laser light is generated in the selected one of the parallel laser cavities at a selected wavelength within the respective wavelength range; and
emitting the laser light at the selected wavelength from the common output at the front facet of the tunable laser.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the tunable laser is tuned by changing a temperature of the laser.
25. The method of claim 23 wherein each of the parallel laser cavities is configured to generate laser light within a respective wavelength range including at least five channel wavelengths in the C-band.