PHOTONIC-CHIP-BASED OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER
An optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) for measuring an optical spectrum of an input optical signal in a measurement wavelength range is provided. The OSA comprises a modulator, an integrated optical filter, and a photodetector. The modulator modulates the input optical signal by applying a dither modulation to facilitate detection and noise rejection. The integrated optical filter, which may include a ring resonator system, is sequentially tunable to selectively transmit each wavelength of the modulated optical signal in the measurement wavelength range. The photodetector sequentially detects each wavelength of the modulated optical signal in the measurement wavelength range to provide a representative output electrical signal.
1 . An optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) for measuring an optical spectrum of an input optical signal in a measurement wavelength range, the OSA comprising:
a modulator for modulating the input optical signal by applying a dither modulation to facilitate detection and noise rejection;
an integrated optical filter that is sequentially tunable to selectively transmit each wavelength of the modulated optical signal in the measurement wavelength range; and
a photodetector for sequentially detecting each wavelength of the modulated optical signal in the measurement wavelength range to provide a representative output electrical signal.
2 . The OSA of claim 1 , wherein the modulator is an integrated modulator.
3 . The OSA of claim 2 , wherein the integrated modulator is a balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI).
4 . The OSA of claim 1 , further comprising:
a lock-in amplifier for sequentially extracting the representative output electrical signal for each wavelength of the modulated optical signal selected by the integrated optical filter from noise.
5 . The OSA of claim 1 , wherein the photodetector is an integrated photodetector.
6 . The OSA of claim 1 , wherein the integrated optical filter comprises:
a ring resonator system comprising at least two tunable ring resonators.
7 . The OSA of claim 6 , wherein the ring resonator system comprises more than two tunable ring resonators.
8 . The OSA of claim 6 , wherein the at least two tunable ring resonators comprise:
a first tunable ring resonator having a first free spectral range (FSR) and a first spectral linewidth; and
a second tunable ring resonator having a second FSR and a second spectral linewidth;
wherein a least common multiple of the first FSR and the second FSR is greater than the measurement wavelength range, and wherein an absolute difference between the first FSR and the second FSR is greater than the first spectral linewidth and greater than the second spectral linewidth;
such that the ring resonator system is sequentially tunable to selectively transmit each wavelength of the modulated optical signal in the measurement wavelength range by cooperatively tuning the first tunable ring resonator and the second tunable ring resonator.
9 . The OSA of claim 8 , wherein the ring resonator system further comprises:
an intermediate waveguide coupled to the first tunable ring resonator and the second tunable ring resonator; and
wherein the first tunable ring resonator and the second tunable ring resonator are cascaded via the intermediate waveguide.
10 . The OSA of claim 8 , wherein the first tunable ring resonator and the second tunable ring resonator are directly coupled.
11 . The OSA of claim 8 , wherein the ring resonator system further comprises:
a first integrated heater for heating the first tunable ring resonator in response to a first voltage to tune the first tunable ring resonator; and
a second integrated heater for heating the second tunable ring resonator in response to a second voltage to tune the second tunable ring resonator.
12 . The OSA of claim 11 , further comprising:
a voltage sweep module for cooperatively adjusting the first voltage and the second voltage to cooperatively tune the first tunable ring resonator and the second tunable ring resonator.
13 . The OSA of claim 12 , wherein the voltage sweep module is for cooperatively adjusting the first voltage and the second voltage by:
sequentially adjusting the first voltage and the second voltage to predetermined pairs of values of the first voltage and the second voltage that result in selective transmission by the ring resonator system at each wavelength in the measurement wavelength range.
14 . A method of measuring an optical spectrum of an input optical signal in a measurement wavelength range, the method comprising:
providing an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) comprising:
a modulator for modulating the input optical signal by applying a dither modulation to facilitate detection and noise rejection;
an integrated optical filter that is sequentially tunable to selectively transmit each wavelength of the modulated optical signal in the measurement wavelength range; and
a photodetector for sequentially detecting each wavelength of the modulated optical signal in the measurement wavelength range to provide a representative output electrical signal;
modulating, by means of the modulator, the input optical signal by applying a dither modulation to facilitate detection and noise rejection;
sequentially tuning the integrated optical filter to selectively transmit each wavelength of the modulated optical signal in the measurement wavelength range; and
sequentially detecting, by means of the photodetector, each wavelength of the modulated optical signal in the measurement wavelength range to provide a representative output electrical signal.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the modulator is an integrated modulator.
16 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
sequentially extracting the representative output electrical signal for each wavelength of the modulated optical signal selected by the tunable optical filter from noise.
17 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the photodetector is an integrated photodetector.
18 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the integrated optical filter comprises:
a ring resonator system comprising at least two tunable ring resonators.
19 . The OSA of claim 18 , wherein the at least two tunable ring resonators comprise:
a first tunable ring resonator having a first free spectral range (FSR) and a first spectral linewidth; and
a second tunable ring resonator having a second FSR and a second spectral linewidth;
wherein a least common multiple of the first FSR and the second FSR is greater than the measurement wavelength range, and wherein an absolute difference between the first FSR and the second FSR is greater than the first spectral linewidth and greater than the second spectral linewidth;
such that the ring resonator system is sequentially tunable to selectively transmit each wavelength of the modulated optical signal in the measurement wavelength range by cooperatively tuning the first tunable ring resonator and the second tunable ring resonator;
and wherein sequentially tuning the integrated optical filter to selectively transmit each wavelength of the modulated optical signal in the measurement wavelength range comprises:
sequentially tuning the ring resonator system to selectively transmit each wavelength of the modulated optical signal in the measurement wavelength range by cooperatively tuning the first tunable ring resonator and the second tunable ring resonator.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the ring resonator system further comprises:
a first integrated heater for heating the first tunable ring resonator in response to a first voltage to tune the first tunable ring resonator; and
a second integrated heater for heating the second tunable ring resonator in response to a second voltage to tune the second tunable ring resonator; and
wherein cooperatively tuning the first tunable ring resonator and the second tunable ring resonator comprises:
heating, by means of the first integrated heater, the first tunable ring resonator in response to the first voltage to tune the first tunable ring resonator; and
heating, by means of the second integrated heater, the second tunable ring resonator in response to the second voltage to tune the second tunable ring resonator.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein cooperatively tuning the first tunable ring resonator and the second tunable ring resonator further comprises:
cooperatively adjusting the first voltage and the second voltage to cooperatively tune the first tunable ring resonator and the second tunable ring resonator.
22 . The method of claim 21 , further comprising:
predetermining pairs of values of the first voltage and the second voltage that result in selective transmission by the ring resonator system at each wavelength in the measurement wavelength range;
wherein cooperatively adjusting the first voltage and the second voltage to cooperatively tune the first tunable ring resonator and the second tunable ring resonator comprises:
sequentially adjusting the first voltage and the second voltage to the predetermined pairs of values of the first voltage and the second voltage.
23 . The method of claim 22 , wherein predetermining pairs of values of the first voltage and the second voltage comprises:
measuring transmission spectra of the first tunable ring resonator as a function of the first voltage; and
measuring transmission spectra of the second tunable ring resonator as a function of the second voltage.