Composite comprising well treatment agent and/or a tracer adhered onto a calcined substrate of a metal oxide coated core and a method of using the same
A composite used to slowly release well treatment agents and/or tracers into a well contains a calcined substrate comprising a metal oxide coated onto at least a portion of a core and a well treatment agent adsorbed onto or absorbed into the interstitial spaces of the metal oxide coating of the calcined substrate. The core contains a material sufficient in strength to prevent closure of a fracture created or enlarged within a subterranean formation penetrated by the well at in-situ reservoir conditions.
1. A composite for introducing a well treatment agent, a tracer or a mixture of a well treatment agent and a tracer into a subterranean formation penetrated by a reservoir, the composite comprising:
(a) a calcined substrate comprising a core sufficient in strength to prevent closure of a fracture at in-situ reservoir conditions and a metal oxide at least partially coated onto the core, wherein:
(i) the surface area of the metal oxide of the calcined substrate is between from about 1 m 2 /g to about 10 m 2 /g; and
(ii) the diameter of the calcined metal oxide of the substrate is between from about 0.1 to about 3 mm; and
(b) a well treatment agent and/or tracer adhered onto the metal oxide coating of the calcined substrate.
2. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the metal oxide coated on the core is between from about 1 to about 25 percent of the total diameter of the calcined substrate.
3. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the amount of well treatment agent and/or tracer adhered to the metal oxide is between from about 5 to about 50 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composite.
4. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is porous.
5. The composite of claim 4 , wherein the pore volume of the porous metal oxide is between from about 0.01 to about 0.10 cc/g.
6. The composite of claim 4 , wherein at least a portion of the well treatment agent and/or tracer is absorbed into the interstitial spaces of the metal oxide coating.
7. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the well treatment agent and/or tracer is encapsulated by or immobilized within a permeable polymeric matrix.
8. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the well treatment agent and/or tracer are adsorbed onto the surface of the metal oxide.
9. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide further contains silica.
10. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is alumina.
11. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the core is selected from the group consisting of silica, quartz, sand, glass, ceramic beads, walnut shell fragments, aluminum pellets, nylon pellets, resin-coated sand, synthetic organic particles, glass microspheres, sintered bauxite, ultra lightweight particulates having an ASG less than or equal to 2.45 or a mixture thereof.
12. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the apparent specific gravity (ASG) of the core is greater than 2.65.
13. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the calcined substrate is prepared by subjecting the metal oxide coated onto the core at a sintering temperature greater than or equal to 1200° C.
14. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the well treatment agent and/or tracer is selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, paraffin inhibitors, salt inhibitors, gas hydrate inhibitors, asphaltene inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, biocides, foaming agent, emulsion breakers and surfactants and mixtures thereof.
15. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the tracer is a dye, gas, an acid or a salt thereof; an ionizable compound, radioactive material, an isotope, a genetically or biologically coded material, a microorganism, a mineral, a high molecular weight synthetic or natural compound or polymer, a chelate or a salt thereof or a mixture thereof.
16. A composite for introducing a well treatment agent and/or tracer into a subterranean formation penetrated by a reservoir, the composite comprising:
(a) a calcined substrate comprising (i) a core sufficient in strength to prevent closure of a fracture at in-situ reservoir conditions; and (ii) a metal oxide coated onto at least a portion of the core;
(b) a well treatment agent and/or tracer adsorbed onto or into the interstitial spaces of the metal oxide coating of the calcined substrate, wherein the well treatment agent and/or tracer is capable of being continuously released over an extended period of time in the formation fluid contained in the subterranean formation.
17. The composite of claim 16 , wherein the surface area of the calcined metal oxide is between from about 1 m 2 /g to about 10 m 2 /g and/or the diameter of the calcined metal oxide is between from about 0.1 to 3 mm.
18. A method of treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a reservoir which comprises pumping into the reservoir a well treatment fluid comprising the composite of claim 1 .
19. The method of claim 18 , which comprises subjecting the formation to hydraulic fracturing by pumping the well treatment fluid into the reservoir at a pressure sufficient to initiate or enlarge a fracture.
20. The method of claim 18 , further comprising introducing into the reservoir, after at least a portion of the well treatment agent and/or tracer has been depleted from the composite, the well treatment agent and/or tracer in order to recharge or reactivate the porous metal oxide of the calcined substrate.
21. The method of claim 18 , further comprising introducing a second well treatment agent and/or tracer into the reservoir after at least a portion of the well treatment agent and/or tracer adhered onto the porous metal oxide of the composite has been depleted, wherein the second well treatment agent and/or tracer is different from the well treatment agent and/or tracer coated onto the composite.
22. A method of stimulating a subterranean formation which comprises pumping into the formation a well treatment fluid comprising the composite of claim 1 .
23. A method of inhibiting or controlling the rate of release of a well treatment agent and/or tracer in a subterranean formation or in a reservoir by introducing into the formation or reservoir the composite of claim 1 , wherein the well treatment agent and/or tracer coated onto at least a portion of the metal oxide of the calcined substrate has a lifetime, from a single treatment, of at least six months.
24. A sand control method for a reservoir penetrating a subterranean formation, comprising:
introducing into the reservoir a slurry of the composite of claim 1 and a carrier fluid;
placing the composite adjacent the subterranean formation to form a fluid-permeable pack capable of reducing or substantially preventing the passage of formation particles from the subterranean formation into the reservoir while allowing passage of formation fluids from the subterranean formation into the reservoir.