Cryogenic pump operation for controlling heat exchanger discharge temperature
Gaseous fuel downstream of a heat exchanger can be too cold for fuel system components when the temperature of engine coolant employed as a working fluid in the heat exchanger is too low to elevate gaseous fuel temperature, and it is possible for the engine coolant to freeze. A method of operating a cryogenic pump for controlling discharge temperature of a heat exchanger that vaporizes a process fluid received from the cryogenic pump with heat from a working fluid, where the cryogenic pump includes a piston reciprocatable in a cylinder between a proximate cylinder head and a distal cylinder head, includes monitoring at least one of process fluid temperature and working fluid temperature; retracting the piston during an intake stroke from the proximate cylinder head to the distal cylinder head; and extending the piston in a plurality of incremental discharge strokes until the piston travels from the distal cylinder head back to the proximate cylinder head. At least one of the number of incremental discharge strokes, a length of incremental discharge strokes and a rest period between incremental discharge strokes is selected such that at least one of the process fluid temperature and working fluid temperature is maintained above a predetermined level.
1. A method of operating a cryogenic pump for controlling discharge temperature of a heat exchanger that vaporizes a process fluid received from the cryogenic pump with heat from a working fluid, the cryogenic pump comprising a piston reciprocatable in a cylinder between a proximate cylinder head and a distal cylinder head, the method comprising:
monitoring at least one of process fluid temperature and working fluid temperature;
retracting the piston during an intake stroke from the proximate cylinder head to the distal cylinder head; and
extending the piston in a plurality of incremental discharge strokes until the piston travels from the distal cylinder head back to the proximate cylinder head;
wherein at least one of the number of incremental discharge strokes, a length of incremental discharge strokes and a rest period between incremental discharge strokes is selected such that at least one of the process fluid temperature and working fluid temperature is maintained above a predetermined level.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of:
the process fluid is a cryogenic fluid; and
the working fluid is engine coolant of an internal combustion engine.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the process fluid temperature is one of:
vaporized cryogenic fluid temperature downstream of the heat exchanger; and
a high-side temperature of a heat exchange region inside the heat exchanger.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the working fluid temperature is one of:
heat exchange fluid temperature upstream of the heat exchanger; and
heat exchange fluid temperature downstream of the heat exchanger.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein one of:
stroke length for two or more of the incremental discharge strokes are equal within a predetermined range of tolerance; and
stroke length for each incremental discharge stroke is determined as a function of at least one of the process fluid temperature and the working fluid temperature.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least two rest periods between respective incremental discharge strokes are equal within a predetermined range of tolerance.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein each rest period time interval between respective incremental discharge strokes is determined as a function of at least one of the process fluid temperature and the working fluid temperature.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein piston velocity between at least two incremental discharge strokes is greater than zero and less than piston velocity during incremental discharge strokes.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cryogenic fluid is a gaseous fuel.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the gaseous fuel is at least one of biogas, butane, ethane, hydrogen, landfill gas, methane, natural gas, propane and mixtures of these fuels.
11. A fuel supply system for supplying gaseous fuel to an internal combustion engine comprising:
a cryogenic pumping apparatus for pumping the gaseous fuel from a supply of gaseous fuel in a liquid state and having a piston reciprocating between a proximate cylinder head near a fuel inlet and a distal cylinder head away from the fuel inlet;
a heat exchanger receiving and vaporizing the gaseous fuel from the cryogenic pumping apparatus and supplying the gaseous fuel to the internal combustion engine; and
a controller operatively connected with the cryogenic pumping apparatus and programmed to command the cryogenic pumping apparatus in a pumping cycle to retract the piston during an intake stroke from the proximate cylinder head to the distal cylinder head and extend the piston in a plurality of incremental discharge strokes until the piston travels from the distal cylinder head back to the proximate cylinder head;
wherein at least one of the number of incremental discharge strokes, a length of incremental discharge strokes and a rest period between incremental discharge strokes is selected such that gaseous fuel temperature downstream from the heat exchanger is maintained above a first predetermined level.
12. The fuel supply system of claim 11 , wherein the heat exchanger employs engine coolant from the internal combustion engine as a heat source for vaporization, further comprising a temperature sensor emitting temperature signals representative of engine coolant temperature, wherein the controller is operatively connected with the temperature sensor and is further programmed to determine a representative temperature as a function of the temperature signals; wherein the representative temperature is maintained above a second predetermined level.
13. The fuel supply system of claim 12 , wherein the engine coolant temperature is measured downstream of the heat exchanger.
14. The fuel supply system of claim 11 further comprising a temperature sensor emitting temperature signals representative of one of:
gaseous fuel temperature downstream of the heat exchanger; and
a high-side temperature of a heat exchange region inside the heat exchanger;
wherein the controller is operatively connected with the temperature sensor and is further programmed to determine a representative temperature as a function of said temperature signals;
wherein the representative temperature is maintained above the first predetermined level.
15. The fuel supply system of claim 11 , wherein the controller is further programmed to command the piston move an equal distance within a predetermined range of tolerance for two or more of the incremental discharge strokes.
16. The fuel supply system of claim 11 , wherein the controller is further programmed to determine the stroke length for each incremental discharge stroke as a function of the representative temperature.
17. The fuel supply system of claim 11 , wherein the controller is further programmed to command the piston to stop between at least two respective incremental discharge strokes.
18. The fuel supply system of claim 11 , wherein the controller is further programmed to command a piston velocity between at least two respective incremental discharge strokes that is greater than zero and less than the piston velocity during incremental discharge strokes.
19. The fuel supply system of claim 11 , wherein the controller is further programmed to determine each rest period time interval between respective incremental discharge strokes as a function of the representative temperature.
20. The fuel supply system of claim 11 , wherein an effective heat exchange volume of the heat exchanger is reduced compared to when the controller is programmed to perform complete discharge strokes.