Integrated on-chip polarizer
View Patent ↗A low loss high extinction ratio on-chip polarizer is disclosed. The polarizer is formed of a mode convertor followed by a mode squeezer and a dump waveguide, and may be configured to pass a desired waveguide mode and reject undesired modes. An embodiment is described that transmits a TE 0 mode while blocking a TM 0 mode by converting it into a higher-order TEn mode in a waveguide taper, squeezing out the TEn mode in a second waveguide taper to lessen its confinement, and then dumping the TEn mode in a waveguide bend that is configured to pass the TE 0 mode.
1. A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) chip comprising:
a substrate; and
an optical waveguide interconnect disposed upon the substrate to provide an optical connection between a first optical device and a second optical device, the optical waveguide interconnect comprising one or more integrated on-chip optical polarizers, each said optical polarizer configured to suppress light propagating in the optical waveguide interconnect in a second mode while passing through light in a first mode, so as to reduce mode crosstalk downstream from the one or more integrated on-chip polarizers;
wherein each optical polarizer comprises:
a mode converter comprising one or more parameters or characteristics that vary in the direction of light propagation for converting the second mode to a third mode with a lower effective refractive index than the first mode; and
a mode squeezer comprising a waveguiding property that progressively weakens in the direction of light propagation, thereby lessening optical confinement of the third mode.
2. The PIC chip of claim 1 wherein the optical waveguide interconnect comprises one or more sections of an optical waveguide capable of supporting the propagation of the first and second modes.
3. The PIC chip of claim 2 wherein the first mode is a TE mode and the second mode is a TM mode.
4. The PIC chip of claim 3 wherein the first mode is a fundamental TE mode.
5. The PIC chip of claim 2 wherein the first mode is a fundamental TE mode and the second mode is a higher-order TE mode.
6. The PIC chip of claim 2 further comprising the first optical device and the second optical device disposed in or upon the substrate.
7. The PIC chip of claim 6 wherein one of the one or more integrated on-chip optical polarizers comprises is disposed at an output of the first optical device.
8. The PIC chip of claim 6 wherein one of the one or more integrated on-chip optical polarizers is disposed at an input of the second optical device.
9. The PIC chip of claim 6 wherein the first optical device comprises one of: an integrated laser source, a waveguide modulator, a waveguide coupler.
10. The PIC chip of claim 6 wherein the second optical device comprises one of: a photodetector, a waveguide modulator, a waveguide coupler.
11. The PIC chip of claim 1 wherein the optical waveguide interconnect comprises two integrated on-chip optical polarizers connected by a section of an optical waveguide in the absence of other optical devices therebetween, wherein said section of an optical waveguide is capable of supporting the propagation of the first and second modes.
12. The PIC chip of claim 1 wherein the optical waveguide interconnect comprises a plurality of integrated on-chip optical polarizers disposed at regular intervals along a length thereof so that the length of any section of the optical waveguide interconnect between two consecutive integrated on-chip optical polarizers does not exceed a predetermined maximum length.
13. The PIC of claim 1 , wherein the mode converter comprises a first tapered waveguide that widens in the direction of light propagation.
14. The PIC of claim 13 , wherein the mode converter comprises a bi-level rib waveguide.
15. The PIC of claim 13 , wherein the mode converter includes a lower cladding comprising a first refractive index, and an upper cladding comprising a second refractive index different than the first refractive index.
16. The PIC of claim 13 , wherein the mode squeezer comprises a second tapered waveguide that narrows in the direction of light propagation.
17. The PIC of claim 16 , wherein the mode squeezer comprises a ridge waveguide.
18. The PIC of claim 1 , further comprising a dump waveguide capable of dumping the third mode while guiding the first mode therethrough.
19. The PIC of claim 1 , further comprising a dump waveguide including a bend with a bend radius, whereby the second and third modes lose coupling and are dumped from the dump waveguide, while the first mode is guided therethrough.