Key agreement for wireless communication
Methods, systems, and computer programs for performing key agreement operations in a communication system are described. In some aspects, a wireless network operator receives a mobile device identifier and accesses a secret key associated with the mobile device. A message authentication code function is evaluated based on the secret key to produce an output value. A session key and a challenge value are obtained based on the output value. In some aspects, a mobile device accesses a secret key in response to receiving the challenge value from the wireless network operator. A message authentication code function is evaluated based on the secret key to produce an output value. A response value and a session key are obtained based on the output value. The response value is transmitted to the wireless network operator.
1. A wireless network operator system comprising:
a communication interface operable to receive an identifier of a mobile device, and a response from the mobile device;
data processing apparatus operable to:
receive an identifier of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC);
access, based on the identifier, a secret key held by the computer system, wherein the secret key is associated with the identifier;
evaluate a key derivation function (KDF) at least in part on the secret key, wherein the KDF is a hash function, to produce a first output value;
obtain a session key based on the first output value;
produce a second output value by evaluating the KDF at least in part on a sequence value; and
obtain a message authentication code (MAC) based on the second output value;
wherein the KDF is evaluated on a plurality of input values including:
a challenge value; and
an output length variable that indicates a bit-length of a KDF output.
2. The wireless network operator system of claim 1 , wherein the output length variable is the sum of bit-lengths of keying material needed.
3. The wireless network operator system of claim 1 , wherein the first output value is used to compute a cipher key.
4. The wireless network operator system of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the evaluations result from one iteration of the hash function.
5. The wireless network operator system of claim 1 , wherein the data processing apparatus is further configured to:
obtain the challenge value before evaluating the KDF, the challenge value being a random challenge value;
obtain an expected response value based on the first output value; and
generate a message that includes the random challenge value and the expected response value.
6. The wireless network operator system of claim 5 , wherein evaluating the KDF to produce the first output value comprises evaluating the KDF based at least in part on the secret key and the random challenge value.
7. The wireless network operator system of claim 1 , wherein the data processing apparatus is further configured to generate an authentication token based on the second output value.
8. The wireless network operator system of claim 1 , wherein said producing the second output value by evaluating the KDF at least in part on the sequence value comprises producing the second output value by evaluating the KDF at least in part on the sequence value and the secret key.
9. The wireless network operator system of claim 1 , wherein the first output value is produced by evaluating the KDF at least in part on the secret key and the challenge value, the challenge value being a random value, and wherein the second output value is produced by evaluating the KDF at least in part on the secret key, the random value, and the sequence value.
10. The wireless network operator system of claim 9 , wherein the data processing apparatus is further configured to further comprising generating a message that includes the random value, an expected response value obtained from the first output value, and the session key.
11. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer readable code executable by a processor to perform a method of:
receiving an identifier of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC);
accessing, based on the identifier, a secret key held by the computer system, wherein the secret key is associated with the identifier;
evaluating a key derivation function (KDF) at least in part on the secret key, wherein the KDF is a hash function, to produce a first output value;
obtaining a session key based on the first output value;
producing a second output value by evaluating the KDF at least in part on a sequence value; and
obtaining a message authentication code (MAC) based on the second output value;
wherein the KDF is evaluated on a plurality of input values including:
a challenge value; and
an output length variable that indicates a bit-length of a KDF output.
12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 , wherein the output length variable is the sum of bit-lengths of keying material needed.
13. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 , wherein the first output value is used to compute a cipher key.
14. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 , wherein one or more of the evaluations result from one iteration of the hash function.
15. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 , the method further comprising:
obtaining the challenge value before evaluating the KDF, the challenge value being a random challenge value;
obtaining an expected response value based on the first output value; and
generating a message that includes the random challenge value and the expected response value.
16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15 , wherein evaluating the KDF to produce the first output value comprises evaluating the KDF based at least in part on the secret key and the random challenge value.
17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 , the method further comprising:
generating an authentication token based on the second output value.
18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 , wherein said producing the second output value by evaluating the KDF at least in part on the sequence value comprises producing the second output value by evaluating the KDF at least in part on the sequence value and the secret key.
19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 , wherein the first output value is produced by evaluating the KDF at least in part on the secret key and the challenge value, the challenge value being a random value, and wherein the second output value is produced by evaluating the KDF at least in part on the secret key, the random value, and the sequence value.
20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19 , the method further comprising generating a message that includes the random value, an expected response value obtained from the first output value, and the session key.
21. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer readable code executable by a processor to perform a method of:
accessing a secret key;
evaluating a key derivation function (KDF) based on the secret key to produce a first output value;
obtaining a session key based on the first output value;
obtaining a response value based on the first output value;
producing a second output value by evaluating the KDF at least in part on a sequence value;
obtaining a message authentication code based on the second output value; and
transmitting the response value to a wireless network operator system;
wherein the KDF is a hash function; and
wherein the KDF is evaluated on a plurality of input values including
a challenge value; and
an output length variable that indicates a bit-length of a KDF output.
22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21 , wherein one or more of the evaluations result from one iteration of the hash function.
23. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21 , the method further comprising generating an authentication token based on the second output value.
24. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21 the method further comprising receiving the challenge value from the wireless network operator system, the challenge value being a random challenge value, and wherein the random challenge value is used with the secret key to produce the first output value.
25. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21 , wherein said producing the second output value by evaluating the KDF at least in part on the sequence value comprises producing the second output value by evaluating the KDF at least in part on the sequence value and the secret key.
26. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21 , wherein the first output value is produced by evaluating the KDF at least in part on the secret key and at least in part on the challenge value, the challenge value being a random challenge value received from the wireless network operator system, and wherein the second output value is produced by evaluating the KDF at least in part on the secret key, the random challenge value, and the sequence value.
27. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 26 , the method further comprising comparing the message authentication code to a value received from the wireless network operator system.