Smart shutter in low light
A method is disclosed for improving the quality of photographs taken in low-light conditions by adjustment of shutter speed and digital gain based on a shutter prioritization value. Using a network of sensor, a digital camera processes various parameters, such as luminance of the scene and movement of the camera or of subjects within the scene, to compute a shutter prioritization value. The value is then used to select the most appropriate shutter speed and digital gain combination from a constant exposure curve. Higher prioritization values correspond to faster shutter speeds and higher digital gain. Lower prioritization values correspond to lower shutter speeds and lower digital gain. In further embodiments, the shutter prioritization value may be manually customized by a user in order to produce artistic effects.
1. A method for controlling a digital camera, comprising:
determining if motion meeting a predefined motion criteria is present in image frames captured by the digital camera;
responsive to determining that the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is not present in the image frames, controlling the digital camera to operate with a default shutter speed and a default digital gain; and
responsive to determining that the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is present in the image frames, controlling the digital camera to operate with an adjusted shutter speed and an adjusted digital gain, the adjusted shutter speed and the adjusted digital gain resulting in an exposure value that corresponds to the default shutter speed and the default digital gain.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
determining if a luminance level of light entering the digital camera is below a predefined luminance threshold;
responsive to determining that the luminance level is not below the predefined luminance threshold, controlling the digital camera to operate with a default shutter speed and a default digital gain; and
responsive to determining that the luminance level is below the predefined luminance threshold, controlling the digital camera to operate with the adjusted shutter speed and the adjusted digital gain, the adjusted shutter speed adjusted in a first direction from the default shutter speed and the adjusted digital gain adjusted in a second direction from the default digital gain, the second direction opposite the first direction.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adjusted shutter speed is adjusted in a first direction from the default shutter speed and the adjusted digital gain is adjusted in a second direction from the default digital gain, the second direction opposite the first direction.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining if the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is present in the image frames comprises:
determining any of lateral movement of the digital camera with respect to a scene, movement of a subject in the scene with respect to the digital camera, shake of the digital camera, jitter of the digital camera, and rotation of the digital camera.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining if the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is present in the image frames comprises:
applying a face detection analysis to one or more captured images to detect a location of a face in each of the one or more captured images; and
determining if movement of the location of the face between the one or more captured images meets the predefined motion criteria.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining if the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is present in the image frames comprises:
obtaining sensor data from any of a gyroscope and accelerometer embedded in the digital camera;
determining if motion of the digital camera indicated by the obtained sensor data meets the predefined motion criteria.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining if the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is present in the image frames comprises:
determining if the digital camera is being operated by any of a shutter button on the digital camera and a remote control device.
8. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
determining if the luminance level is below a second threshold lower than the predefined luminance threshold; and
responsive to determining that the luminance level is below the second threshold, controlling the digital camera to operate with a slowest allowable shutter speed and maximum allowable digital gain.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling the digital camera to operate with the adjusted shutter speed and the adjusted digital gain comprises:
determining a characteristic of the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria, the characteristic being at least one of a type of the motion and a magnitude of the motion;
generating a shutter prioritization value depending on the characteristic;
multiplying the default shutter speed by a reciprocal of the shutter prioritization value to generate the adjusted shutter speed; and
multiplying the default digital gain by the shutter prioritization value to generate the adjusted digital gain.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling the digital camera to operate with the adjusted shutter speed and the adjusted digital gain comprises:
determining a characteristic of the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria, the characteristic being at least one of a type of the motion and a magnitude of the motion;
generating a shutter prioritization value depending on the characteristic; and
performing a lookup in a lookup table mapping the shutter prioritization value to one of a predefined pair of shutter speed and digital gain values that each result in a same exposure value.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein determining the characteristic of the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria comprises:
determining that the motion includes a first motion type responsive to determining that the digital camera is being operated without a remote control device;
determining that the motion includes a second motion type responsive to determining movement of one or more faces in one or more captured images; and
determining that the motion includes a third motion type responsive to sensor data from an on-board sensor indicating motion of the digital camera.
12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions for controlling a digital camera, the instructions when executed by a processor causing the processor to perform steps including:
determining if motion meeting a predefined motion criteria is present in image frames captured by the digital camera;
responsive to determining that the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is not present in the image frames, controlling the digital camera to operate with a default shutter speed and a default digital gain; and
responsive to determining that the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is present in the image frames, controlling the digital camera to operate with an adjusted shutter speed and an adjusted digital gain, the adjusted shutter speed and the adjusted digital gain resulting in an exposure value that corresponds to the default shutter speed and the default digital gain.
13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 12 , wherein determining if the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is present in the image frames comprises:
determining any of lateral movement of the digital camera with respect to a scene, movement of a subject in the scene with respect to the digital camera, shake of the digital camera, jitter of the digital camera, and rotation of the digital camera.
14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 12 , wherein determining if the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is present in the image frames comprises:
applying a face detection analysis to one or more captured images to detect a location of a face in each of the one or more captured images; and
determining if movement of the location of the face between the one or more captured images meets the predefined motion criteria.
15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 12 , wherein determining if the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is present in the image frames comprises:
obtaining sensor data from any of a gyroscope and accelerometer embedded in the digital camera;
determining if motion of the digital camera indicated by the obtained sensor data meets the predefined motion criteria.
16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 12 , wherein determining if the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is present in the image frames comprises:
determining if the digital camera is being operated by any of a shutter button on the digital camera and a remote control device.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 12 , wherein controlling the digital camera to operate with the adjusted shutter speed and the adjusted digital gain comprises:
determining a characteristic of the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria, the characteristic being at least one of a type of the motion and a magnitude of the motion;
generating a shutter prioritization value depending on the characteristic;
multiplying the default shutter speed by a reciprocal of the shutter prioritization value to generate the adjusted shutter speed; and
multiplying the default digital gain by the shutter prioritization value to generate the adjusted digital gain.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 12 , wherein controlling the digital camera to operate with the adjusted shutter speed and the adjusted digital gain comprises:
determining a characteristic of the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria, the characteristic being at least one of a type of the motion and a magnitude of the motion;
generating a shutter prioritization value depending on the characteristic; and
performing a lookup in a lookup table mapping the shutter prioritization value to one of a predefined pair of shutter speed and digital gain values that each result in a same exposure value.
19. A camera comprising:
an image sensor to capture image frames from light entering the camera;
a lens assembly to direct the light entering the camera to the image sensor;
a shutter controllable to pass the light to the lens assembly when the shutter is open and to block the light from entering the lens assembly when the shutter is closed;
a processor; and
a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform steps including:
determining if motion meeting a predefined motion criteria is present in image frames captured by the digital camera;
responsive to determining that the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is not present in the image frames, controlling the digital camera to operate with a default shutter speed and a default digital gain; and
responsive to determining that the motion meeting the predefined motion criteria is present in the image frames, controlling the digital camera to operate with an adjusted shutter speed and an adjusted digital gain, the adjusted shutter speed and the adjusted digital gain resulting in an exposure value that corresponds to the default shutter speed and the default digital gain.
20. The camera of claim 19 , further comprising:
a motion sensor to detect the motion based on movement of the digital camera while capturing the image frames.