Circuit interruption device with thermal protection
A thermal protection switch device may include: a power circuit that includes a phase line and a neutral line; a current sensor electrically connected to the phase line to detect the current flow in the phase line; a temperature sensor thermally coupled to the phase line to detect the temperature of the phase line; and another temperature sensor thermally coupled to the neutral line to detect the temperature of the neutral line. The device also includes a trip circuit configured to interrupt the phase line when activated and a controller configured to receive output signals from the above current and temperature sensors. The controller may activate the trip circuit to interrupt the phase line in response to determining that certain conditions have occurred.
1. A thermal protection switch device comprising:
a power circuit comprising a phase line and a neutral line;
a current sensor electrically connected to the phase line to detect a current flow in the phase line and generate a first output signal based on the current flow;
a first temperature sensor thermally coupled to the phase line to detect a temperature of the phase line and generate a second output signal based on the temperature of the phase line;
a second temperature sensor thermally coupled to the neutral line to detect a temperature of the neutral line and generate a third output signal based on the temperature of the neutral line;
a trip circuit electrically positioned to interrupt the phase line when activated; and
a controller communicatively connected to the current sensor, the first and second temperature sensors, and the trip circuit, wherein the controller is configured to:
receive the first output signal from the current sensor, the second output signal from the first temperature sensor and the third output signal from the second temperature sensor, and
generate an output voltage to activate the trip circuit to interrupt the phase line in response to determining that any of the following conditions has occurred:
the first output signal has a value that exceeds a first threshold,
the second output signal has a value that exceeds a second threshold, or
the third output signal has a value that exceeds a third threshold.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the current sensor comprises:
a shunt electrically connected in series between the phase line and a line contact for a load, wherein the shunt is configured to generate a first input voltage based on the current flow through the phase line; and
an amplifier electrically connected to the shunt and configured to amplify the first input voltage to generate a voltage that is the first output signal.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the current sensor is configured to generate the first output signal to have a value that exceeds the first threshold when the current flow in the phase line exceeds a current threshold.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature sensor comprises:
an amplifier; and
a thermistor electrically connected between a power source and the amplifier and is further positioned to be thermally coupled to the phase line to generate an input signal based on the temperature in the phase line;
wherein the amplifier is configured to receive the input signal from the thermistor and generate the second output signal based on the input signal.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the first temperature sensor is configured to generate the second output signal to have a value that exceeds the second threshold when the temperature of the phase line exceeds a temperature threshold.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second temperature sensor comprises:
an amplifier; and
a thermistor electrically connected between a power voltage and the amplifier and is further positioned to be thermally coupled to a conductor of the neutral line to generate an input signal based on a temperature of the conductor of the neutral line;
wherein the amplifier is configured to generate the third output signal based on the input signal.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the second temperature sensor generates the third output signal that exceeds the third threshold when the temperature of the neutral line exceeds a temperature threshold.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the trip circuit comprises:
a solenoid positioned to selectively open the power circuit so that no current flows to a load of the power circuit and to close the power circuit to allow current flow to the load of the power circuit; and
a driving circuit electrically connected between an output of the controller and the solenoid so that a voltage at the output of the controller will trigger the solenoid to open or close the power circuit.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the driving circuit is configured to generate a current that serves as a trip signal to cause the solenoid to open the power circuit when the voltage at the output of the controller is above a voltage threshold.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the controller comprises a memory device containing programming instructions that, when executed, will cause the controller to:
continuously monitor the first, second and third output signals; and
use the first, second and third output signals to generate an output voltage for triggering the trip circuit.
11. A method for providing thermal protection for a power circuit comprising a phase line and a neutral line, the method comprising:
detecting a current flow in the phase line;
generating a first output signal based on the current flow in the phase line;
detecting a temperature in the phase line;
generating a second output signal based on the temperature in the phase line;
detecting a temperature in the neutral line;
generating a third output signal based on the temperature in the neutral line; and
by a controller:
receiving the first output signal, the second output signal and the third output signal, and
generating an output voltage for activating a trip circuit to interrupt the phase line in response to determining that any of the following conditions has occurred:
the first output signal has a value that exceeds a first threshold,
the second output signal has a value that exceeds a second threshold, or
the third output signal has a value that exceeds a third threshold.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
detecting the current flow in the phase line comprises connecting a shunt in series between the phase line and a line contact for a load; and
generating the first output signal comprises:
generating a first input voltage based on the current flow through the phase line, and
connecting an amplifier to the shunt to amplify the first input voltage to generate a voltage that is the first output signal.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first output signal has a value that exceeds the first threshold when the current flow in the phase line exceeds a current threshold.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
detecting the temperature in the phase line comprises:
thermally coupling a thermistor to a conductor of the phase line, and
electrically connecting the thermistor to a power source to generate an input signal based on the temperature in the phase line; and
generating the second output signal comprises:
electrically connecting the thermistor between the power source and an amplifier, and
causing the amplifier to receive the input signal from the thermistor and generate the second output signal based on the input signal.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the second output signal has a value that exceeds the second threshold when the temperature in the phase line exceeds a temperature threshold.
16. The device of claim 14 , further comprising activating the trip circuit by using the output voltage to cause a driving circuit to trigger a solenoid to open or close the power circuit.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
detecting the temperature in the neutral line comprises:
thermally coupling a thermistor to a conductor of the neutral line, and
electrically connecting the thermistor to a power source to generate an input signal based on the temperature in the neutral line; and
generating the third output signal comprises:
electrically connecting the thermistor between the power source and an amplifier, and
causing the amplifier to receive the input signal from the thermistor and generate the third output signal based on the input signal.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the third output signal has a value that exceeds the third threshold when the temperature in the phase line exceeds a temperature threshold.