Peptide pharmaceuticals

1. A peptide product having the structure of:

(SEQ. ID. NO. 172)

aa 1 -aa 2 -aa 3 -aa 4 -aa 5 -aa 6 -aa 7 -aa 8 -aa 9 -aa 10 -aa 11 -

aa 12 -aa 13 -aa 14 -aa 15 -aa 16 -aa 17 -aa 18 -aa 19 -aa 20 -aa 21 -

aa 22 -aa 23 -aa 24 -aa 25 -aa 26 -aa 27 -aa 28 -aa 29 -aa 30 -aa 31 -

aa 32 -aa 33 -aa 34 -aa 35 -aa 36 -Z FORMULA 2-V

wherein:

Z is —OH or NH—R 3 , wherein R 3 is H, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl, or a PEG chain of less than 10 Da;

aa 1 is Ala, Ser, Val, Pro, Aib, Ac5c, or Deg;

aa 2 is Val;

aa 3 is Ser, Ala, Aib, Ac4c, or Deg;

aa 4 is Glu;

aa 5 is His or Ile;

aa 6 is Gln or Cit;

aa 7 is Leu or Phe;

aa 8 is Leu, Met, or Nle;

aa 9 is His;

aa 10 is Asp, Asn, Gln, Glu, Cit, Ala, or Aib;

aa 11 is Lys, Leu, Ile, Arg, or hArg;

aa 12 is Gly, Ala, Glu, Lys, Aib, or Ac5c;

aa 13 is Lys or Arg;

aa 14 is Ser, His, Trp, Phe, Leu, Arg, Lys, Glu, Nal(2), or cyclized to position aa 18 ;

aa 15 is Ile, Leu, or Aib;

aa 16 is Gln, Asn, Glu, Lys, Ser, Cit, Aib, Ac5c, or U(X);

aa 17 is Asp, Ser, Aib, Ac4c, Ac5c, or U(X);

aa 18 is absent or Leu, Gln, Cit, Aib, Ac5c, Lys, Glu, U(X), or cyclized to position aa 14 ;

aa 19 is absent or Arg, Glu, Aib, Ac4c, Ac5c, or U(X);

aa 20 is absent or Arg, Glu, Lys, Aib, Ac4c, Ac5c, or U(X);

aa 21 is absent or Arg, Val, Aib, Ac5c, Deg, or U(X);

aa 22 is absent or Phe, Glu, Aib, Ac5c, Lys, U(X), or cyclized to position aa 18 or aa 26 ;

aa 23 is absent or Leu, Phe, Trp, or U(X);

aa 24 is absent or His, Arg, Leu, Aib, Ac5c, or U(X);

aa 25 is absent or His, Lys, Arg, or U(X);

aa 26 is absent or His, Lys, Arg, Aib, Ac5c, or cyclized to position aa 22 ;

aa 27 is absent or Leu or Lys;

aa 28 is absent or Ile or Leu;

aa 29 is absent or Ala, Gln, Cit, or Aib;

aa 30 is absent or Glu, Asp, or Aib;

aa 31 is absent or Ile, Val, Aib, Ac5C, or U(X);

aa 32 is absent or His, Aib, Ac5C, or U(X);

aa 33 is absent or Thr, Asn, Aib, Ac5C, or U(X);

aa 34 is absent or Ala, Phe, Aib, Ac5C, or U(X);

aa 35 is absent or Aib, Ac5C, or U(X);

aa 36 is absent or Aib, Ac5C, or U(X);

U is a linker amino acid; and

X is a surfactant covalently attached to a linker amino acid U;

wherein any two of aa 1 -aa 36 are optionally cyclized through their side chains to form a lactam linkage;

provided that one, or at least one, of aa 16 -aa 25 and aa 31 -aa 36 is a linker amino acid U covalently attached to a surfactant X; and

wherein the surfactant X is a group of Formula 2-I:

wherein:

R 1a is independently, at each occurrence, a bond, H, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or a steroid nucleus-containing moiety;

R 1b , R 1c and R 1d are each, independently at each occurrence, a bond, H, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group;

W 1 is independently, at each occurrence, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —O—, —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—O—, —(C═O)—NH—, —(C═S)—, —(C═S)—NH—, or —CH 2 —S—;

W 2 is —O—, —CH 2 — or —S—;

R 2 is independently, at each occurrence, a bond, a bond to U, H, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, —NH 2 , —SH, C 2 -C 4 -alkene, C 2 -C 4 -alkyne, —NH(C═O)—CH 2 —Br, —(CH 2 ) m -maleimide, or —N 3 ,

n is 1, 2 or 3; and

m is 1-10.

2. The peptide product of claim 1 , which has the structure of:

(SEQ. ID. NO. 173)

aa 1 -Val 2 -aa 3 -Glu 4 -aa 5 -aa 6 -aa 7 -aa 8 -His 9 -aa 10 -aa 11 -

aa 12 -aa 13 -aa 14 -aa 15 -aa 16 -aa 17 -aa 18 -aa 19 -aa 20 -aa 21 -

aa 22 -aa 23 -aa 24 -aa 25 -aa 26 -Z Formula 2-VI

wherein:

Z is —OH or —NH—R 3 , wherein R 3 is H, C 1 -C 12 alkyl or a PEG chain of less than 10 Da;

aa 1 is Aib, Ac5c, or Deg;

aa 3 is Aib, Ac4c, or Deg;

aa 5 is His or Ile;

aa 6 is Gln or Cit;

aa 7 is Leu or Phe;

aa 8 is Leu or Nle;

aa 10 is Asp, Asn, Gln, Glu, Cit, Ala, or Aib;

aa 11 is Arg or hArg;

aa 12 is Gly, Ala, Glu, Lys, Aib, or Ac5c;

aa 13 is Lys or Arg;

aa 14 is Ser, His, Trp, Phe, Leu, Arg, Lys, or Nal(2);

aa 15 is Ile, Leu, or Aib;

aa 16 is Gln, Asn, Glu, Lys, Ser, Cit, Aib, or U(X);

aa 17 is Asp, Ser, Aib, Ac4c, Ac5c, or U(X);

aa 18 is absent or Leu, Gln, Cit, Aib, Ac5c, Lys, Glu, or U(X);

aa 19 is absent or Arg, Glu, Aib, Ac4c, Ac5c, or U(X);

aa 20 is absent or Arg, Glu, Lys, Aib, Ac4c, Ac5c, or U(X);

aa 21 is absent or Arg, Val, Aib, Ac5C, Deg, or U(X);

aa 22 is absent or Phe, Glu, Lys, or U(X);

aa 23 is absent or Leu, Phe, Trp, or U(X);

aa 24 is absent or Leu, His, Arg, or U(X);

aa 25 is absent or His, Lys, or U(X);

aa 26 is absent or Aib or Ac5c;

U is a linker amino acid; and

X is a 1-alkyl glycoside surfactant, wherein the 1-alkyl group is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 aralkyl;

provided that one, or at least one, of aa 16 -aa 25 is a linker amino acid U covalently attached to a surfactant X.

3. The peptide product of claim 1 , which has the structure of:

(SEQ. ID. NO. 174)

aa 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -

hArg 11 -aa 12 -Arg 13 -aa 14 -Ile 15 -aa 16 -aa 17 -aa 18 -aa 19 -

aa 20 -aa 21 -aa 22 -aa 23 -aa 24 -aa 25 -aa 26 -Z Formula 2-VII

wherein:

Z is —OH or —NH 2 ;

aa 1 is Aib or Ac5c;

aa 12 is Ala, Glu, Lys, Aib, or Ac5c;

aa 14 is Trp, Phe, or Nal(2);

aa 16 is Gln, Asn, Glu, Lys, Cit, or U(X);

aa 17 is Asp, Ser, Aib, Ac4c, Ac5c, or U(X);

aa 18 is absent or Leu, Gln, Aib, or U(X);

aa 19 is absent or Arg, Glu, Aib, Ac4c, or Ac5c;

aa 20 is absent or Arg, Glu, Lys, Aib, Ac4c, or Ac5c;

aa 21 is absent or Arg, Val, Aib, Ac5C, or Deg;

aa 22 is absent or Phe, Glu, Lys, or U(X);

aa 23 is absent or Leu, Phe, Trp, or U(X);

aa 24 is absent or His, Arg, or U(X);

aa 25 is absent or His, Lys, or U(X);

aa 26 is absent or Aib or Ac5c;

U is a linker amino acid; and

X is a 1-alkyl glycoside surfactant, wherein the 1-alkyl group is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 aralkyl;

provided that one, or at least one, of aa 16 -aa 18 and aa 22 -aa 25 is a linker amino acid U covalently attached to a surfactant X.

4. The peptide product of claim 1 , which has the structure of:

(SEQ. ID. NO. 170)

aa 1 -Val 2 -aa 3 -Glu 4 -aa 5 -aa 6 -aa 7 -aa 8 -His 9 -aa 10 -aa 11 -

aa 12 -aa 13 -aa 14 -aa 15 -aa 16 -aa 17 -aa 18 -aa 19 -aa 20 -aa 21 -

aa 22 -aa 23 -aa 24 -aa 25 -aa 26 -Z Formula 2-II

wherein:

Z is —OH or —NH—R 3 , wherein R 3 is H, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl, or a PEG chain of less than 10 Da;

aa 1 is Aib, Ac5c, or Deg;

aa 3 is Aib, Ac4c, or Deg;

aa 5 is His or Ile;

aa 6 is Gln or Cit;

aa 7 is Leu or Phe;

aa 8 is Leu or Nle;

aa 10 is Asp, Asn, Gln, Glu, Cit, Ala, or Aib;

aa 11 is Arg or hArg;

aa 12 is Gly, Glu, Lys, Ala, Aib, or Ac5c;

aa 13 is Lys or Arg;

aa 14 is Ser, His, Trp, Phe, Leu, Arg, Lys, Glu, or Nal(2);

aa 15 is Ile, Leu, or Aib;

aa 16 is Gln, Asn, Glu, Lys, Ser, Cit, Aib, or U(X);

aa 17 is Asp, Ser, Aib, Ac4c, Ac5c, or U(X);

aa 18 is absent or Leu, Gln, Cit, Aib, Ac5c, Lys, Glu or U(X);

aa 19 is absent or Arg, Glu, Aib, Ac4c, Ac5c, or U(X);

aa 20 is absent or Arg, Glu, Lys, Aib, Ac4c, Ac5c, or U(X);

aa 21 is absent or Arg, Val, Aib, Ac5C, Deg, or U(X);

aa 22 is absent or Phe, Glu, Aib, Ac5C, Lys, or U(X);

aa 23 is absent or Leu, Phe, Trp, or U(X);

aa 24 is absent or His, Arg, or U(X);

aa 25 is absent or His, Lys, or U(X);

aa 26 is absent or Aib, Ac5c, or Lys; and

U is a natural or unnatural amino acid comprising a functional group used for covalent attachment to a surfactant X;

wherein any two of aa 1 -aa 26 are optionally cyclized through their side chains to form a lactam linkage;

provided that one, or at least one, of aa 16 -aa 25 is a linker amino acid U covalently attached to a surfactant X.

5. The peptide product of claim 1 , which has the structure of:

(SEQ. ID. NO. 171)

aa 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -

hArg 11 -aa 12 -Arg 13 -aa 14 -Ile 15 -aa 16 -aa 17 -aa 18 -aa 19 -

aa 20 -aa 21 -aa 22 -aa 23 -aa 24 -aa 25 -aa 26 -Z Formula 2-III

wherein:

Z is —OH or —NH 2 ;

aa 1 is Aib or Ac5c;

aa 12 is Ala, Glu, Lys, Aib or Ac5c;

aa 14 is Trp, Phe, Lys, Glu or Nal(2);

aa 16 is Gln, Asn, Glu, Lys, Cit or U(X);

aa 17 is Asp, Ser, Aib, Ac4c, Ac5C or U(X);

aa 18 is absent or Leu, Gln, Aib, Lys, Glu or U(X);

aa 19 is absent or Arg, Glu, Aib, Ac4c or Ac5c;

aa 20 is absent or Arg, Glu, Lys, Aib, Ac4c or Ac5c;

aa 21 is absent or Arg, Val, Aib, Ac5C or Deg;

aa 22 is absent or Phe, Glu, Lys or U(X);

aa 23 is absent or Leu, Phe, Trp or U(X);

aa 24 is absent or His, Arg or U(X);

aa 25 is absent or His, Lys or U(X); and

aa 26 is absent or Aib or Ac5c;

wherein any two of aa 1 -aa 26 are optionally cyclized through their side chains to form a lactam linkage; and

provided that one, or at least one, of aa 16 -aa 18 and aa 22 -aa 25 is a linker amino acid U covalently attached to a surfactant X.

6. The peptide product of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant X has the structure:

wherein:

R 1a is H, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 or C 6 -C 20 alkyl group, or a steroid nucleus-containing moiety;

R 1b , R 1c and R 1d are each independently H or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl group;

W 1 is —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —O—, —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—O—, —(C═O)—NH—, —(C═S)—, —(C═S)—NH—, or —CH 2 —S—;

W 2 is —O— or —S—;

R 2 is a bond to U, C 2 -C 4 -alkene, C 2 -C 4 -alkyne, or —(CH 2 ) m -maleimide, and

m is 1-10.

7. The peptide product of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant X has the structure:

wherein:

R 1a is H, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 or C 6 -C 20 alkyl group, or a steroid nucleus-containing moiety;

R 1b , R 1c and R 1d are each independently H or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl group;

W 1 is —(C═O)—NH—;

W 2 is —O—; and

R 2 is a bond to U.

8. The peptide product of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant X has the structure:

wherein:

R 1a is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 or C 6 -C 20 alkyl group;

R 1b , R 1c and R 1d are H;

W 1 is —(C═O)—NH—;

W 2 is —O—; and

R 2 is a bond to U.

9. The peptide product of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant X is a 1-alkyl glycoside.

10. The peptide product of claim 9 , wherein the surfactant X is 1-eicosyl beta-D-glucuronic acid, 1-octadecyl beta-D-glucuronic acid, 1-hexadecyl beta-D-glucuronic acid, 1-tetradecyl beta-D-glucuronic acid, 1-dodecyl beta-D-glucuronic acid, 1-decyl beta-D-glucuronic acid, 1-octyl beta-D-glucuronic acid, 1-eicosyl beta-D-diglucuronic acid, 1-octadecyl beta-D-diglucuronic acid, 1-hexadecyl beta-D-diglucuronic acid, 1-tetradecyl beta-D-diglucuronic acid, 1-dodecyl beta-D-diglucuronic acid, 1-decyl beta-D-diglucuronic acid, or 1-octyl b eta-D-diglucuronic acid, or functionalized 1-eicosyl beta-D-glucose, 1-octadecyl beta-D-glucose, 1-hexadecyl beta-D-glucose, 1-tetradecyl beta-D-glucose, 1-dodecyl beta-D-glucose, 1-decyl beta-D-glucose, 1-octyl beta-D-glucose, 1-eicosyl beta-D-maltoside, 1-octadecyl beta-D-maltoside, 1-hexadecyl beta-D-maltoside, tetradecyl D-maltoside, 1-dodecyl beta-D-maltoside, 1-decyl beta-D-maltoside, or 1-octyl beta-D-maltoside, or the corresponding alpha configuration.

11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a peptide product of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

12. A peptide product selected from:

1) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Ala 12 -Arg 13 -Trp 14 -Ile 15 -Gln 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-dodecyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -NH 2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 180);

2) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Ala 12 -Arg 13 -Trp 14 -Ile 15 -Gln 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-alkyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -Aib 19 -NH 2 , wherein alkyl is dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl (SEQ. ID. NO. 283);

3) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Ala 12 -Arg 13 -Trp 14 -Ile 15 -Gln 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-alkyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -Ac4c 19 -NH 2 , wherein alkyl is dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl (SEQ. ID. NO. 284);

4) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Ala 12 -Arg 13 -Trp 14 -Ile 15 -Glu* 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-alkyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -Aib 19 -Lys* 20 -NH 2 , wherein Glu* 16 and Lys* 20 are linked through their sidechains to form a lactam and alkyl is dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl (SEQ. ID. NO. 285);

5) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Glu* 12 -Arg 13 -Trp 14 -Ile 15 -Lys* 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-alkyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -Aib 19 -NH 2 , wherein Glu* 12 and Lys* 16 are linked through their sidechains to form a lactam and alkyl is dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl (SEQ. ID. NO. 286);

6) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Ala 12 -Arg 13 -Phe 14 -Ile 15 -Gln 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-alkyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -Aib 19 -NH 2 , wherein alkyl is dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl (SEQ. ID. NO. 287);

7) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Ala 12 -Arg 13 -Trp 14 -Ile 15 -Gln 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-alkyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -Aib 19 -Aib 20 -NH 2 , wherein alkyl is dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl (SEQ. ID. NO. 288);

8) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Glu* 12 -Arg 13 -Trp 14 -Ile 15 -Lys* 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-alkyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -Aib 19 -Aib 20 -NH 2 , wherein Glu* 12 and Lys* 16 are linked through their sidechains to form a lactam and alkyl is dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl (SEQ. ID. NO. 289);

9) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Ala 12 -Arg 13 -Trp 14 -Ile 15 -Gln 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-dodecyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -Aib 19 -NH 2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 207);

10) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Ala 12 -Arg 13 -Trp 14 -Ile 15 -Gln 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-tetradecyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -Aib 19 -NH 2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 260);

11) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Ala 12 -Arg 13 -Trp 14 -Ile 15 -Gln 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-hexadecyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -Aib 19 -NH 2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 261);

12) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Ala 12 -Arg 13 -Trp 14 -Ile 15 -Gln 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-octadecyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -Aib 19 -NH 2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 262);

13) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Ala 12 -Arg 13 -Trp 14 -Ile 15 -Gln 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-dodecyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -Aib 19 -Aib 20 -NH 2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 275);

14) Ac5c 1 -Val 2 -Aib 3 -Glu 4 -Ile 5 -Gln 6 -Leu 7 -Nle 8 -His 9 -Gln 10 -hArg 11 -Ala 12 -Arg 13 -Trp 14 -Ile 15 -Gln 16 -Aib 17 -Lys(N-epsilon-1′-hexadecyl beta-D-glucuronyl) 18 -Aib 19 -Aib 20 -NH 2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 277);

peptide products designated EU-201 through EU-299 and EU-900 through EU-908 in Table 2 in FIG. 2 ; and

pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

13. The peptide product of claim 12 , which is selected from the peptide products of SEQ. ID. NOs. 207, 260-262 and 284, the peptide products designated EU-204, EU-205, EU-206, EU-207, EU-232, EU-251, EU-260, EU-283, EU-286, EU-287 and EU-288, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a peptide product of claim 12 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

15. A method of treating a bone-related disorder, stimulating bone repair, promoting engraftment of a bone implant or stimulating stem cell proliferation, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a peptide product of claim 1 , wherein the peptide product optionally comprises amino acid residues aa 1 -aa 17 , aa 1 -aa 18 , aa 1 -aa 19 or aa 1 -aa 20 of SEQ. ID. NO. 172.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the bone-related disorder is selected from hypoparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism associated with bone mass reduction, hypoparathyroidism associated with decrease in bone mass density, osteopenia, bone loss, inflammatory bone loss, osteoporosis, old-age osteoporosis, post-menopausal osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, osteonecrosis of the jaw, Paget's disease, and hyperphosphatemia.

17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the peptide product stimulates differentiation and proliferation of osteoblast precursors.

18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the peptide product stimulates proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.

19. A method of treating a bone-related disorder, stimulating bone repair, promoting engraftment of a bone implant or stimulating stem cell proliferation, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a peptide product of claim 12 .

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the bone-related disorder is selected from hypoparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism associated with bone mass reduction, hypoparathyroidism associated with decrease in bone mass density, osteopenia, bone loss, inflammatory bone loss, osteoporosis, old-age osteoporosis, post-menopausal osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, osteonecrosis of the jaw, Paget's disease, and hyperphosphatemia.

21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the peptide product stimulates differentiation and proliferation of osteoblast precursors.

22. The method of claim 19 , wherein the peptide product stimulates proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.