Compound semiconductor device with quantum well structure, power supply device, and high-frequency amplifier
A compound semiconductor device includes a substrate, a compound semiconductor layer formed over the substrate, a channel layer formed over the compound semiconductor layer, an electron supply layer formed over the channel layer, and a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a gate electrode that are formed apart from each other over the electron supply layer. A quantum well structure is formed by the compound semiconductor layer, the channel layer, and the electron supply layer.
1. A compound semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate;
a buffer layer that is a compound semiconductor layer formed over the substrate;
a channel layer formed over the buffer layer;
an electron supply layer formed over the channel layer; and
a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a gate electrode that are formed apart from each other over the electron supply layer, wherein
a quantum well structure is formed by the buffer layer, the channel layer, and the electron supply layer; and
an energy difference between a ground level and a second excited level of an electron in the channel layer is greater than an optical phonon energy of the channel layer.
2. The compound semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the energy difference between the ground level and the second excited level of the electron in the channel layer is less than an energy difference between a point L and a point Γ in a subband corresponding to the ground level.
3. The compound semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a surface layer of the buffer layer is doped with a donor impurity.
4. The compound semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein
the channel layer includes
a lower layer formed on the buffer layer,
a middle layer formed on the lower layer, and
an upper layer formed on the middle layer; and
electron affinities of the lower layer and the upper layer are smaller than an electron affinity of the middle layer.
5. The compound semiconductor device as claimed in claim 4 , wherein
the middle layer is a GaN layer; and
the lower layer and the upper layer are AlGaN layers.
6. The compound semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein
the channel layer includes multiple well layers that are stacked on each other and have band gaps with different widths; and
the well layers are arranged in ascending order of the widths of the band gaps in a direction toward the substrate.
7. The compound semiconductor device as claimed in claim 6 , wherein
the well layers include at least one upper well layer and two or more lower well layers, the lower well layers being closer to the substrate than the upper well layer;
the lower well layers are AlGaN layers having different composition ratios of Al; and
the AlGaN layers are arranged in ascending order of the composition ratios of Al in the direction toward the substrate.
8. The compound semiconductor device as claimed in claim 6 , wherein
the well layers include at least one upper well layer and two or more lower well layers, the lower well layers being closer to the substrate than the upper well layer;
the lower well layers are InGaN layers having different composition ratios of In; and
the InGaN layers are arranged in descending order of the composition ratios of In in the direction toward the substrate.
9. The compound semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the channel layer is less than or equal to 15 nm.
10. The compound semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a surface roughness of the buffer layer is less than or equal to 0.4 nm.
11. The compound semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the buffer layer, the channel layer, and the electron supply layer is comprised of a nitride semiconductor.
12. A power supply device, comprising:
a compound semiconductor device that includes
a substrate,
a buffer layer that is a compound semiconductor layer formed over the substrate,
a channel layer formed over the buffer layer,
an electron supply layer formed over the channel layer, and
a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a gate electrode that are formed apart from each other over the electron supply layer, wherein
a quantum well structure is formed by the buffer layer, the channel layer, and the electron supply layer; and
an energy difference between a ground level and a second excited level of an electron in the channel layer is greater than an optical phonon energy of the channel layer.
13. A high-frequency amplifier, comprising:
a compound semiconductor device that includes
a substrate,
a buffer layer that is a compound semiconductor layer formed over the substrate,
a channel layer formed over the buffer layer,
an electron supply layer formed over the channel layer, and
a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a gate electrode that are formed apart from each other over the electron supply layer,
wherein a quantum well structure is formed by the buffer layer, the channel layer, and the electron supply layer; and
an energy difference between a ground level and a second excited level of an electron in the channel layer is greater than an optical phonon energy of the channel layer.