Foam assisted application of strength additives to paper products
A foaming formulation is provided herein. The foaming formulation includes at least one foaming agent in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight based on a total weight of the foaming solution. The foaming formulation further includes a synthetic strength additive having a cationic functional group in an amount from about 0.01% to about 50% by weight based on a total weight of the foaming solution. The foaming formulation further includes water.
1. A foaming formulation for producing a foam with a gas content upon incorporation of gas into the foaming formulation, the foaming formulation comprising:
at least one foaming agent in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 10%, based on a total weight of the foaming formulation, wherein the at least one foaming agent comprises at least one of:
(a) a nonionic foaming agent selected from the group of ethoxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, polyethoxy esters, glycerol esters, polyol esters, hexitol esters, fatty alcohols, alkoxylated alcohols, alkoxylated alkyl phenols, alkoxylated glycerin, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated diamines, fatty amide, fatty acid alkylol amide, alkoxylated amides, alkoxylated imidazoles, fatty amide oxides, alkanol amines, alkanolamides, polyethylene glycol, ethylene and propylene oxide, EO/PO copolymers and their derivatives, polyester, alkyl saccharides, alkyl, polysaccharide, alkyl glucosides, alkyl polyglucosides, alkyl glycol ether, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, polyvinyl alcohols and their derivatives, alkyl polysaccharides, and combinations thereof;
(b) a zwitterionic or amphoteric foaming agent selected from the group of lauryl dimethylamine oxide, cocoamphoacetate, cocoamphodiacetate, cocoamphodipropionate, cocamidopropyl betaine, alkyl betaine, alkyl amido betaine, hydroxysulfo betaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultain, alkyliminodipropionate, amine oxide, amino acid derivatives, alkyl dimethylamine oxide and combinations thereof;
(c) a cationic foaming agent selected from the group of alkyl amine and amide and their derivatives, alkyl ammoniums, alkoxylated amide and their derivatives, fatty amine and fatty amide and their derivatives, quaternary ammoniums, alkyl quaternary ammoniums and their derivatives and their salts, imidazolines derivatives, alkyl ammonium salts, alkyl phosphonium salts, polymers and copolymers of structures described above, and combinations thereof; or
a combination of the same type or more than one type of the aforementioned foaming agents;
at least one synthetic strength additive in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 50%, based on the total weight of the foaming formulation, wherein the at least one synthetic strength additive comprises a cationic functional group, wherein the at least one synthetic strength additive is a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer, and wherein the at least one synthetic strength additive comprising a cationic functional group is selected from the group of:
DADMAC-acrylamide copolymers, with or without subsequent glyoxylation,
polymers and copolymers of acrylamide with cationic groups comprising AETAC, AETAS, METAC, METAS, APTAC, MAPTAC, DMAEMA, or combinations thereof, with or without subsequent glyoxylation,
vinylamine containing polymers and copolymers,
PAE polymers,
polyethyleneimines,
poly-DADMACs,
polyamines,
polymers based upon dimethylaminomethyl-substituted acrylamide, and combinations thereof;
wherein DADMAC is diallyldimethylammonium chloride, DMAEMA is dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, AETAC is acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl chloride, AETAS is acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl sulfate, METAC is methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl chloride, METAS is methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl sulfate, APTAC is acryloylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, MAPTAC is acryloylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, and PAE is polyamidoamineepichlorohydrin polymers; and
water.
2. The foaming formulation of claim 1 , wherein the at least one foaming agent comprises a polyvinyl alcohol or a polyvinyl alcohol derivative.
3. The foaming formulation of claim 2 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol derivative has a degree of hydrolysis between around 70% and 99.9%.
4. The foaming formulation of claim 2 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol derivative has a molecular weight of between around 5000 and 400,000.
5. The foaming formulation of claim 2 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol derivative has a viscosity of between around 3 and 75 cP at 4% solids and 20° C.
6. The foaming formulation of claim 1 , wherein the at least one synthetic strength additive comprising a cationic functional group has a primary amine functionality of about 1 to 100%, on a mole basis.
7. The foaming formulation of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the foaming formulation is greater than about 8.
8. A foaming formulation for producing a foam with a gas content upon incorporation of gas into the foaming formulation, the foaming formulation comprising:
at least one foaming agent in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 10% based on a total weight of the foaming formulation, wherein the at least one foaming agent comprises at least one of:
(a) a nonionic foaming agent selected from the group of ethoxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, polyethoxy esters, glycerol esters, polyol esters, hexitol esters, fatty alcohols, alkoxylated alcohols, alkoxylated alkyl phenols, alkoxylated glycerin, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated diamines, fatty amide, fatty acid alkylol amide, alkoxylated amides, alkoxylated imidazoles, fatty amide oxides, alkanol amines, alkanolamides, polyethylene glycol, ethylene and propylene oxide, EO/PO copolymers and their derivatives, polyester, alkyl saccharides, alkyl, polysaccharide, alkyl glucosides, alkyl polyglucosides, alkyl glycol ether, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, polyvinyl alcohols and their derivatives, alkyl polysaccharides, and combinations thereof;
(b) a zwitterionic or amphoteric foaming agent selected from the group of lauryl dimethylamine oxide, cocoamphoacetate, cocoamphodiacetate, cocoamphodipropionate, cocamidopropyl betaine, alkyl betaine, alkyl amido betaine, hydroxy sulfo betaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultain, alkyliminodipropionate, amine oxide, amino acid derivatives, alkyl dimethylamine oxide and combinations thereof;
(c) a cationic foaming agent selected from the group of alkyl amine and amide and their derivatives, alkyl ammoniums, alkoxylated amide and their derivatives, fatty amine and fatty amide and their derivatives, quaternary ammoniums, alkyl quaternary ammoniums and their derivatives and their salts, imidazolines derivatives, alkyl ammonium salts, alkyl phosphonium salts, polymers and copolymers of structures described above, and combinations thereof; or
a combination of the same type or more than one type of the aforementioned foaming agents;
at least one synthetic strength additive in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 50%, based on the total weight of the foaming formulation, the at least one synthetic strength additive comprising a cationic functional group, wherein the at least one synthetic strength additive is a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer, and wherein the at least one synthetic strength additive comprising a cationic functional group is selected from the group of:
DADMAC-acrylamide copolymers, with or without subsequent glyoxylation,
polymers and copolymers of acrylamide with cationic groups comprising AETAC, AETAS, METAC, METAS, APTAC, MAPTAC, DMAEMA, or combinations thereof, with or without subsequent glyoxylation,
vinylamine containing polymers and copolymers,
PAE polymers,
polyethyleneimines,
poly-DADMACs,
polyamines,
polymers based upon dimethylaminomethyl-substituted acrylamide, and combinations thereof;
wherein DADMAC is diallyldimethylammonium chloride, DMAEMA is dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, AETAC is acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl chloride, AETAS is acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl sulfate, METAC is methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl chloride, METAS is methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl sulfate, APTAC is acryloylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, MAPTAC is acryloylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, and PAE is polyamidoamineepichlorohydrin polymers; and
water;
wherein the concentration of the at least one foaming agent in the foaming formulation is substantially minimally sufficient to produce the gas content of the foam after gas is incorporated into the foaming formulation.
9. The foaming formulation of claim 8 , wherein the gas content for the foam produced after the incorporation of gas into the foaming formulation is from about 40% gas to about 95% gas, based on a total volume of the foam.
10. The foaming formulation of claim 8 , wherein the gas content for the foam produced after the incorporation of gas into the foaming formulation is from about 60% gas to about 80% gas, based on a total volume of the foam.
11. The foaming formulation of claim 8 , wherein the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the foaming formulation is greater than about 8.
12. The foaming formulation of claim 8 , wherein the at least one synthetic strength additive comprising a cationic functional group has a primary amine functionality of about 1 to 100%, on a mole basis.
13. A method of introducing a synthetic cationic strength additive into paper product, comprising:
producing a foam from a foaming formulation, the foaming formulation comprising:
at least one foaming agent in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight based on a total weight of the foaming formulation, wherein the at least one foaming agent comprises at least one of:
(a) a nonionic foaming agent selected from the group of ethoxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, polyethoxy esters, glycerol esters, polyol esters, hexitol esters, fatty alcohols, alkoxylated alcohols, alkoxylated alkyl phenols, alkoxylated glycerin, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated diamines, fatty amide, fatty acid alkylol amide, alkoxylated amides, alkoxylated imidazoles, fatty amide oxides, alkanol amines, alkanolamides, polyethylene glycol, ethylene and propylene oxide, EO/PO copolymers and their derivatives, polyester, alkyl saccharides, alkyl, polysaccharide, alkyl glucosides, alkyl polyglucosides, alkyl glycol ether, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, polyvinyl alcohols and their derivatives, alkyl polysaccharides, and combinations thereof;
(b) a zwitterionic or amphoteric foaming agent selected from the group of lauryl dimethylamine oxide, cocoamphoacetate, cocoamphodiacetate, cocoamphodipropionate, cocamidopropyl betaine, alkyl betaine, alkyl amido betaine, hydroxy sulfo betaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultain, alkyliminodipropionate, amine oxide, amino acid derivatives, alkyl dimethylamine oxide and combinations thereof;
(c) a cationic foaming agent selected from the group of alkyl amine and amide and their derivatives, alkyl ammoniums, alkoxylated amide and their derivatives, fatty amine and fatty amide and their derivatives, quaternary ammoniums, alkyl quaternary ammoniums and their derivatives and their salts, imidazolines derivatives, alkyl ammonium salts, alkyl phosphonium salts, polymers and copolymers of structures described above, and combinations thereof; or
a combination of the same type or more than one type of the aforementioned foaming agents;
a synthetic strength additive in an amount from about 0.01% to about 50% by weight based on a total weight of the foaming formulation, the synthetic strength additive comprising a cationic functional group, wherein the at least one synthetic strength additive is a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer, and wherein the at least one synthetic strength additive comprising a cationic functional group is selected from the group of:
DADMAC-acrylamide copolymers, with or without subsequent glyoxylation,
polymers and copolymers of acrylamide with cationic groups comprising AETAC, AETAS, METAC, METAS, APTAC, MAPTAC, DMAEMA, or combinations thereof, with or without subsequent glyoxylation,
vinylamine containing polymers and copolymers,
PAE polymers,
polyethyleneimines,
poly-DADMAC s,
polyamines,
polymers based upon dimethylaminomethyl-substituted acrylamide, and combinations thereof;
wherein DADMAC is diallyldimethylammonium chloride, DMAEMA is dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, AETAC is acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl chloride, AETAS is acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl sulfate, METAC is methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl chloride, METAS is methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl sulfate, APTAC is acryloylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, MAPTAC is acryloylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, and PAE is polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin polymers; and
water, and
applying the foam to a wet formed embryonic web.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the paper product is virgin linerboard.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the paper product is recycled linerboard.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the paper product is bag or sack paper.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the step of producing the foam from the foaming solution comprises at least one of: shearing the foaming solution in the presence of a gas; injecting gas into the foaming solution; or injecting the foaming solution into a gas flow.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the step of applying foam to the wet formed embryonic web is performed when the wet formed embryonic web has a pulp fiber consistency of about 5% to about 30%.