Polysilazane-derived coating for glass containers
A glass container and a process for forming an inorganic silica coating on an exterior surface of the glass container to improve one or more surface characteristics of the glass container. A sol-gel solution including a polysilazane and an organic solvent is applied to the exterior surface of the glass container to form a sol-gel coating thereon. The glass container and the sol-gel coating are then exposed to a water vapor-containing environment and heated at a temperature of between 150 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius to transform the sol-gel coating into an inorganic silica coating. The as-formed silica coating has a hardness of greater than 8.5 GPa and is bonded to the exterior surface of the glass container through a plurality of siloxane bonds.
1. A process for forming an inorganic silica coating on a glass container to improve one or more surface characteristics of the glass container, the process including:
(a) providing a glass container that includes a glass substrate, the glass substrate providing the glass container with a closed base, a circumferentially-closed body extending in an axial direction from the closed base, and an open mouth;
(b) applying a sol-gel solution including a perhydropolysilazane and a solvent directly to an exterior surface of said glass substrate to form a sol-gel coating thereon, wherein the sol-gel solution has a viscosity of less than 20 cP; and
(c) heating said glass container and said sol-gel coating in a water vapor-containing environment having a temperature between 150 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius to form an inorganic silica coating on said exterior surface of said glass substrate, wherein said silica coating is more hydrophilic than said glass substrate, has a hardness greater than 8.5 GPa, and is bonded to said exterior surface of said glass substrate through a plurality of siloxane bonds.
2. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein said perhydropolysilazane is a chain polymer or a cyclic polymer.
3. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein said perhydropolysilazane accounts for between 2 wt % and 30 wt % of said sol-gel solution.
4. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein said water vapor-containing environment has a relative humidity of between 60% and 85%.
5. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein said step (c) includes forming said inorganic silica coating on said exterior surface of said glass substrate such that said coating at least partially fills in one or more unintentionally formed imperfections in said glass container.
6. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein said step (c) includes heating said glass container and said sol-gel coating for 0.5-4 hours to form said silica coating on said exterior surface of said glass substrate.
7. The process set forth in claim 1 that also includes:
after said step (b), exposing said glass container and said sol-gel coating to an ammonia vapor-containing environment.
8. The process set forth in claim 7 wherein said glass container and said sol-gel coating are exposed to said ammonia vapor-containing environment before or during said step (c).
9. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein the inorganic silica coating formed on the exterior surface of the glass substrate in step (c) is nonporous.
10. A glass container produced by the process set forth in claim 1 .
11. A process for forming an inorganic silica coating on a glass container to improve one or more surface characteristics of the glass container, the process including:
(a) providing a glass container that includes a glass substrate having an exterior surface, the glass substrate providing the glass container with a closed base, a circumferentially-closed body extending in an axial direction from the closed base, and an open mouth, and wherein a hot-end coating that comprises oxides of tin, titanium, vanadium, or zirconium is applied directly to and over the exterior surface of the glass substrate;
(b) applying a sol-gel solution including a perhydropolysilazane and a solvent to the glass substrate over the hot-end coating to form a sol-gel coating thereon, wherein the sol-gel solution has a viscosity of less than 20 cP; and
(c) heating the glass container and the sol-gel coating in a water vapor-containing environment having a temperature between 150 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius to form an inorganic silica coating on the hot-end coating applied to the exterior surface of the glass substrate, wherein the silica coating is more hydrophilic than the glass substrate and has a hardness greater than 8.5 GPa.
12. A process for forming an inorganic silica coating on a glass container to improve one or more surface characteristics of the glass container, the process including:
(a) providing a glass container that includes a glass substrate having an exterior surface, the glass substrate providing the glass container with a closed base, a circumferentially-closed body extending in an axial direction from the closed base, and an open mouth;
(b) applying a sol-gel solution including a perhydropolysilazane and a solvent over the exterior surface of the glass substrate to form a sol-gel coating thereon, wherein the sol-gel solution has a viscosity of less than 20 cP; and
(c) heating the glass container and the sol-gel coating in a water vapor-containing environment having a temperature between 150 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius to form an inorganic silica coating over the exterior surface of the glass substrate, wherein the silica coating is more hydrophilic than the glass substrate and has a hardness greater than 8.5 GPa.
13. The process set forth in claim 12 wherein a hot-end coating that comprises oxides of tin, titanium, vanadium, or zirconium is applied directly to and over the exterior surface of the glass substrate, and wherein applying the sol-gel solution including the perhydropolysilazane and the solvent over the exterior surface of the glass substrate comprises applying the sol-gel solution over the hot-end coating.