Systems, methods, and devices for an automobile door or window
A trailer truck is the combination of a truck and one or more trailers used to haul freight. A trailer attaches to the truck via a trailer coupling (hitch), with much of its weight borne by the truck. The result is that both the truck and the trailer will have a distinctly different design than a rigid truck and trailer. Exemplary vehicles are provided, such as heavy duty trucks having truck bodies with improved aerodynamic characteristics, including improved drag coefficients.
1. A truck comprising:
an outer body including a nose section, the nose section having an upper portion and a lower portion; and
a bisecting plane that bisects a width of the truck,
wherein the lower portion defines a first slope angle taken from vertical and that lies in the bisecting plane,
wherein the first slope angle is between a range of about 0° and about 6°,
wherein the upper portion defines a second slope angle taken from vertical and that lies in the bisecting plane,
wherein the second slope angle is between about 20° and about 30°, and
wherein the truck has a drag coefficient that is between about 0.36 and about 0.40.
2. The truck of claim 1 , wherein the drag coefficient, C d , is determined by
C
d
=
2
×
F
x
rho
×
v
2
×
A
ref
where F x is a force acting on the tractor unit, rho is a fluid density, v is a free stream velocity, and A ref is a frontal projected area of the tractor unit.
3. The truck of claim 2 , wherein the frontal projected area, A ref , is between about 9.6 m 2 and about 10.6 m 2 .
4. The truck of claim 1 , wherein the outer body further comprises a windshield defining a third slope angle taken from vertical and that lies in the bisecting plane, and wherein the third slope angle is between about 31° and about 41°.
5. The truck of claim 4 , wherein the outer body further comprises a roof section, wherein the roof section defines a fourth slope angle taken from vertical and that lies in the bisecting plane, and wherein the fourth slope angle is between about 42° and about 52°.
6. The truck of claim 5 , wherein:
the first slope angle is between about 2° and about 4°;
the second slope angle is between about 23° and about 27°;
a third slope angle is between about 34° and about 38°; and
the fourth slope angle is between about 45° and about 49°.
7. The truck of claim 4 , wherein a ratio of the first slope angle to the third slope angle is between about 0.7 and about 0.9.
8. The truck of claim 1 , wherein the outer body further comprises a roof section having an air scoop integrally formed therein.
9. The truck of claim 6 , wherein the windshield comprises a wrap-around windshield.
10. A truck comprising:
an outer body including a nose section, the nose section having an upper portion and a lower portion; and
a bisecting plane that bisects a width of the truck,
wherein the lower portion defines a first slope angle taken from vertical and that lies in the bisecting plane,
wherein the first slope angle is between a range of about 0° and about 6°,
wherein the upper portion defines a second slope angle taken from vertical and that lies in the bisecting plane,
wherein the second slope angle is between about 24° and about 34°, and
wherein the tractor unit has a drag coefficient that is between about 0.42 and about 0.48.
11. The truck of claim 10 , wherein the drag coefficient, C d , is determined by
C
d
=
2
×
F
x
rho
×
v
2
×
A
ref
where F x is a force acting on the tractor unit, rho is a fluid density, v is a free stream velocity, and A ref is a frontal projected area of the tractor unit.
12. The truck of claim 11 , wherein the frontal projected area, A ref , is between about 9.97 m 2 and about 11.0 m 2 .
13. The truck of claim 10 , wherein the outer body further comprises a windshield defining a third slope angle taken from vertical and that lies in the bisecting plane, and wherein the third slope angle is between about 32° and about 42°.
14. The truck of claim 13 , wherein the outer body further comprises a roof section, wherein the roof section defines a fourth slope angle taken from vertical and that lies in the bisecting plane, and wherein the fourth slope angle is between about 71° and about 81°.
15. The truck of claim 14 , wherein:
the first slope angle is between about 2° and about 4°;
the second slope angle is between about 27° and about 31°;
a third slope angle is between about 35° and about 39°; and
the fourth slope angle is between about 74° and about 78°.
16. The truck of claim 13 , wherein a ratio of the first slope angle to the third slope angle is between about 0.7 and about 0.9.
17. The truck of claim 10 , wherein the outer body further comprises a roof section having an air scoop integrally formed therein.
18. The tractor unit of claim 15 , wherein the windshield comprises a wrap-around windshield.
19. The tractor unit of claim 10 , wherein the outer body further comprises a driver side section and a passenger side section, wherein at least one of the driver side section and the passenger side section comprises a tapered surface, and wherein the tapered surface defines a taper angle, and wherein the taper angle is between about 1° and about 6°.
20. A truck comprising:
an outer body including a nose section, the nose section having an upper portion and a lower portion; and
a bisecting plane that bisects a width of the truck,
wherein the lower portion defines a first slope angle taken from vertical and that lies in the bisecting plane,
wherein the first slope angle is between a range of about 2° and about 4°,
wherein the upper portion defines a second slope angle taken from vertical and that lies in the bisecting plane,
wherein the second slope angle is between about 25° and about 29°, and
wherein the truck has a drag coefficient that is between about 0.36 and about 0.48, wherein the drag coefficient, C d , is determined by
C
d
=
2
×
F
x
rho
×
v
2
×
A
ref
where F x is a force acting on the tractor unit, rho is a fluid density, v is a free stream velocity, and A ref is a frontal projected area of the tractor unit, and
wherein the outer body further comprises a wrap-around windshield defining a third slope angle taken from vertical and that lies in the bisecting plane, and wherein the third slope angle is between about 36° and about 37°.