Alignment of elongated particles in a particle delivery device
A device for delivery of particles into biological tissue includes at least one conduit and a propellant source fluidically coupled to the conduit and configured to deliver a propellant into the conduit. A particle source is configured to release elongated particles into the conduit, the elongated particles having a width, w, a length, l>w. The propellant source and the conduit are configured to propel the elongated particles in a collimated particle stream toward the biological tissue. An alignment mechanism is configured to align a longitudinal axis of the elongated particles to be substantially parallel to a direction of the particle stream in an alignment region of the conduit. The aligned elongated particles are ejected from the conduit and impact the biological tissue.
1. A device for delivery of particles into biological tissue comprising:
at least one conduit;
a propellant source fluidically coupled to the conduit and configured to deliver a propellant into the conduit;
a particle source configured to release elongated particles into the conduit, the elongated particles having a width, w, a length, l>w, the propellant source and the conduit configured to propel the elongated particles in a collimated particle stream toward the biological tissue; and
an aerodynamic alignment mechanism configured to align a longitudinal axis of the elongated particles to be substantially parallel to a direction of the particle stream in an alignment region of the conduit, wherein the aligned elongated particles are ejected from the conduit and impact the biological tissue at a tissue interfacing portion, the aerodynamic alignment mechanism comprising:
a source of sheath fluid; and
one more ports in the conduit configured to allow entry of the sheath fluid into the conduit in one or more sheath streams adjacent to the particle stream, the one or more sheath streams configured to align the longitudinal axis of the elongated particles along the direction of the particle stream in the alignment region.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the elongated particles are electrically charged; and
the alignment mechanism comprises an electrostatic alignment mechanism comprising one or more charged plates arranged proximate to the conduit.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the elongated particles are magnetic; and
the alignment mechanism comprises a magnetic field generator that generates a magnetic field within the conduit.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the elongated particles have at least one pointed tip.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the elongated particles have one or more fins.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the fins are configured to break off or fold back when the elongated particles penetrate the biological tissue.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the elongated particles are solid particles of a functional material that interacts with the biological tissue.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the elongated particles include at least a first material and a second material, wherein the second material is a functional material that interacts with the biological tissue and the first material is a biologically inert material that has higher density than the second material.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein a volume of the second material is greater than a volume of the first material.
10. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a particle accelerator downstream from the alignment mechanism, the particle accelerator configured to accelerate the elongated particles toward the biological tissue.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the elongated particles comprise one or more of a drug, a cosmetic, a biologically nourishing material, and a marking material.
12. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an additional particle source configured to release additional particles into the particle stream, wherein the elongated particles comprise a functional material that interacts with the biological tissue and the additional particles have a higher density than a density of the elongated particles.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein:
the elongated particles are electrostatically charged;
the additional particles are oppositely electrostatically charged; and
the elongated particles and the additional particles form particle agglomerations as the particles are transported in the particle stream.
14. The device of claim 1 further comprising a deceleration mechanism proximate the tissue interfacing portion, the deceleration mechanism configured to redirect at least a portion of the sheath fluid as the sheath fluid approaches the biological tissue.
15. The device of claim 14 , wherein the deceleration mechanism is configured to prevent at least a portion of the sheath fluid from impinging on the biological tissue.
16. The device of claim 14 , wherein the deceleration mechanism is configured redirect at least a portion of the sheath fluid such that it is configured to impinge on the biological tissue at an oblique angle.
17. A method for delivery of particles into biological tissue comprising:
releasing elongated particles into a conduit;
propelling the elongated particles in a collimated particle stream in the conduit towards the biological tissue, the elongated particles having a width, w, a length, l>w, and an aspect ratio, l/w;
aligning a longitudinal axis of the elongated particles to be substantially parallel to a direction of the collimated particle stream by introducing a sheath fluid into the conduit in one or more sheath streams adjacent to the collimated particle stream, the one or more sheath streams operating to align the longitudinal axis of the elongated particles to be substantially parallel to the direction of the particle stream in an alignment region; and
ejecting the aligned elongated particles from the conduit toward the biological tissue.
18. The method of claim 17 further comprising redirecting at least a portion of the sheath fluid as the sheath fluid approaches the biological tissue.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein redirecting at least a portion of the sheath fluid comprises preventing at least a portion of the sheath fluid from impinging on the biological tissue.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein redirecting at least a portion of the sheath fluid comprises redirecting at least a portion of the sheath fluid such that it is configured to impinge on the biological tissue at an oblique angle.