Circuit and method for soft shutdown of a coil
A circuit and method for gradually reducing a coil current during a shutdown period is disclosed. The circuit and method include a controller that is configured in a control loop with a current sensor that measures the current in the coil and a transistor that can be controller to limit the current in the coil. The open-loop gain of the controller is determined by a resistance of a variable feedback resistor, and the resistance of the variable feedback resistor is reduced during the shutdown period as the coil current becomes small. The reduction of the resistance maintains a suitable phase margin by lowering the open loop gain of the circuit for low coil currents. Thus, during shutdown, the circuit provides control accuracy for high coil currents and control stability for low coil currents.
1. A circuit comprising:
a controller configured in a control loop with a current sensor and a transistor that is configured to adjust a voltage at a terminal of the transistor to reduce a current through the transistor, wherein the controller has an open loop gain determined by a resistance of a variable feedback resistor; and
a signal generator coupled to the controller that generates a ramp signal to (i) control a reference level of the controller so that the current is reduced gradually over a period and (ii) control the resistance of the variable feedback resistor over the period to reduce an open loop gain of the controller.
2. The circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the transistor is an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and the terminal is a gate of the IGBT.
3. The circuit according to claim 2 , further comprising a gate driver that is coupled to the gate of the IGBT.
4. The circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the period includes a high current region and a low current region.
5. The circuit according to claim 4 , wherein the current ramps linearly downward according to a reference voltage when the current in is in the high current region but deviates from ramping linearly downward according to the reference voltage when the current is in the low current region.
6. The circuit according to claim 5 , wherein the deviation from ramping linearly according to the reference voltage increases a phase margin in the low current region, the increase of the phase margin corresponding to an increase in stability of the controller.
7. The circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the variable feedback resistor is a bank of series connected resistors that are each connected in parallel with a transistor of a bank of transistors so that when a particular transistor in the bank of transistor is turned ON the resistor that is in parallel with the particular transistor is shorted to reduce the resistance of the variable feedback resistor.
8. The circuit according to claim 7 , further comprising a transistor control circuit that is coupled to the signal generator, wherein the transistor control circuit includes a voltage divider that is tapped at a different voltages by gates of each of the transistors in the bank of transistors so that the transistors are successively turned ON according to the ramp signal to reduce the resistance of the variable feedback resistor over the period.
9. The circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the controller includes a differential amplifier coupled to an inverting amplifier, the inverting amplifier having negative feedback through the variable feedback resistor.
10. A method comprising:
sensing a current through a transistor that is configured in a control loop with a current sensor and a controller;
generating, using a signal generator, a ramp signal that decreases linearly over a period;
reducing a reference level of the controller according to the ramp signal;
adjusting, using the controller, a voltage at a terminal of the transistor to reduce the current through the transistor over the period, the adjustment based on a comparison between the reduced reference level and the sensed current level; and
controlling a resistance of a variable feedback resistor of the controller to reduce an open loop gain of the controller during the period.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the transistor is an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and the terminal is a gate of the IGBT.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein control loop further comprises a gate driver that is coupled to the gate of the IGBT.
13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the period includes a high current region and a low current region.
14. The method according to claim 13 , where the adjusting, using the controller, the voltage at the terminal of the transistor to reduce the current through the transistor over the period includes:
reducing the current through the transistor according to a first profile that matches a profile of the ramp signal in the high current region; and
reducing the current through the transistor according to a second profile that does not match the profile of the ramp signal in the low current region.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the second profile that does not match the profile of the ramp signal increases a phase margin of the controller in the low current region, the increase of the phase margin corresponding to an increase in stability of the controller.
16. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the variable feedback resistor is a bank of series connected resistors that are each connected in parallel with a transistor of a bank of transistors so that when a particular transistor in the bank of transistor is turned ON the resistor that is in parallel with the particular transistor is shorted to reduce the resistance of the variable feedback resistor.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the controlling a resistance of a variable feedback resistor of the controller, comprises:
applying the ramp signal to a voltage divider tapped at different voltages by gates of the transistors in a bank of transistors; and
turning ON successive transistors in a bank of transistors according to the tapped voltages of the voltage divider.
18. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the controller includes a differential amplifier coupled to an inverting amplifier, the inverting amplifier having negative feedback through the variable feedback resistor.