Producing flint glass using submerged combustion melting
A method of producing flint glass using submerged combustion melting is disclosed. The method includes operating a submerged combustion melter such that combustion products are discharged from one or more submerged burners combusting a combustible gas mixture that comprises fuel and oxygen. An oxygen-to-fuel ratio of the combustible gas mixture ranges from stoichiometry to 30% excess oxygen relative to stoichiometry, a temperature of a glass melt in the submerged combustion melter is between 1200° C. and 1500° C., a residence time of the glass melt is maintained between 1 hour and 10 hours, and a specific throughput rate of molten glass discharged from the submerged combustion melter ranges from 2 tons per day per meter squared of cross-sectional area of the submerged combustion melter [tons/day/m 2 ] to 25 tons/day/m 2 . A method of forming glass containers from the molten glass discharged from the melter is also disclosed.
1. A method comprising:
introducing a vitrifiable feed material into a glass melt contained within a submerged combustion melter, the submerged combustion melter comprising one or more submerged burners;
discharging combustion products from the one or more submerged burners directly into the glass melt, the one or more submerged burners combusting a combustible gas mixture that comprises fuel and oxygen, and wherein an oxygen-to-fuel ratio of the combustible gas mixture ranges from stoichiometry to 30% excess oxygen relative to stoichiometry;
maintaining a temperature of the glass melt between 1200° C. and 1500° C.;
maintaining a residence time of the glass melt between 1 hour and 10 hours;
discharging a flint molten glass from the submerged combustion melter at a specific throughput rate that ranges from 2 tons per day per meter squared of cross-sectional area of the submerged combustion melter [tons/day/m 2 ] to 25 tons/day/m 2 ;
refining the flint molten glass discharged from the submerged combustion melter to obtain refined molten glass;
thermally conditioning the refined molten glass to produce conditioned molten glass; and
forming a glass container from the conditioned molten glass.
2. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-to-fuel ratio ranges from 15% excess oxygen relative to stoichiometry to 25% excess oxygen relative to stoichiometry.
3. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the glass melt ranges from 1330° C. to 1380° C.
4. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the residence time of the glass melt ranges from 2 hours to 4 hours.
5. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the specific throughput rate of the flint molten glass discharged from the submerged combustion melter ranges from 6 tons/day/m 2 to 12 tons/day/m 2 .
6. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-to-fuel ratio ranges from 15% excess oxygen relative to stoichiometry to 25% excess oxygen relative to stoichiometry, the temperature of the glass melt ranges from 1330° C. to 1380° C., the residence time of the glass melt ranges from 2 hours to 4 hours, and the specific throughput rate of the flint molten glass discharged from the submerged combustion melter ranges from 6 tons/day/m 2 to 12 tons/day/m 2 .
7. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the flint molten glass discharged from the submerged combustion melter has a density of 0.75 gm/cm 3 to 1.5 gm/cm 3 .
8. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the glass container meets flint glass specifications of a dominant wavelength that lies between 572 nm and 578 nm, a brightness above 50%, and a purity below 16%.
9. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the flint molten glass has a chemical composition that includes 60 wt % to 80 wt % SiO 2 , 8 wt % to 18 wt % Na 2 O, and 5 wt % to 15 wt % CaO.
10. The method set forth in claim 9 , wherein refining the flint molten glass discharged from the submerged combustion melter comprises refining the flint molten glass at a temperature between 1400° C. and 1500° C., the refined molten glass having a density that ranges from 2.3 gm/cm 3 to 2.5 gm/cm 3 ; wherein thermally conditioning the refined molten glass produces the conditioned molten glass with a temperature between 1050° C. and 1200° C.; and wherein forming the glass container comprises delivering a molten glass gob of the conditioned molten glass into a glass container forming machine and forming a glass container from the molten glass gob.
11. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the flint molten glass discharged from the submerged combustion melter has a redox value of 0.4 or less.
12. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the vitrified feed material includes up to 80 wt % cullet.
13. A method comprising:
introducing a vitrifiable feed material into a glass melt contained within a submerged combustion melter, the submerged combustion melter comprising one or more submerged burners and the vitrifiable feed material being formulated to provide the glass melt with a soda-lime-silica flint glass chemical composition that includes 60 wt % to 80 wt % SiO 2 , 8 wt % to 18 wt % Na 2 O, 5 wt % to 15 wt % CaO, and 0 wt % to 2 wt % Al 2 O 3 ;
discharging combustion products from the one or more submerged burners directly into the glass melt, the one or more submerged burners combusting a combustible gas mixture that comprises fuel and oxygen, wherein an oxygen-to-fuel ratio of the combustible gas mixture ranges from stoichiometry to 30% excess oxygen relative to stoichiometry;
maintaining a temperature of the glass melt between 1200° C. and 1500° C. and a residence time of the glass melt between 1 hour and 10 hours; and
discharging a flint molten glass from the submerged combustion melter at a specific throughput rate that ranges from 2 tons per day per meter squared of cross-sectional area of the submerged combustion melter [tons/day/m 2 ] to 25 tons/day/m 2 , wherein the flint molten glass discharged from the submerged combustion melter has a density of 0.75 gm/cm 3 to 1.5 gm/cm 3 ; and
refining the flint molten glass discharged from the submerged combustion melter to obtain a refined molten glass, the refined molten glass having a density that ranges from 2.3 gm/cm 3 to 2.5 gm/cm 3 .
14. The method set forth in claim 13 , wherein the oxygen-to-fuel ratio ranges from 15% excess oxygen relative to stoichiometry to 25% excess oxygen relative to stoichiometry.
15. The method set forth in claim 13 , wherein the temperature of the glass melt ranges from 1330° C. to 1380° C.
16. The method set forth in claim 13 , wherein the residence time of the glass melt ranges from 2 hours to 4 hours.
17. The method set forth in claim 13 , wherein the specific throughput rate of the flint molten glass discharged from the submerged combustion melter ranges from 6 tons/day/m 2 to 12 tons/day/m 2 .
18. The method set forth in claim 13 , wherein the oxygen-to-fuel ratio ranges from 15% excess oxygen relative to stoichiometry to 25% excess oxygen relative to stoichiometry, the temperature of the glass melt ranges from 1330° C. to 1380° C., the residence time of the glass melt ranges from 2 hours to 4 hours, and the specific throughput rate of the flint molten glass discharged from the submerged combustion melter ranges from 6 tons/day/m 2 to 12 tons/day/m 2 .
19. The method set forth in claim 13 , further comprising:
thermally conditioning the refined molten glass to produce conditioned molten glass; and
forming at least one glass container from the conditioned molten glass.
20. The method set forth in claim 19 , wherein the glass container meets flint glass specifications of a dominant wavelength that lies between 572 nm and 578 nm, a brightness above 50%, and a purity below 16%.
21. The method set forth in claim 13 , wherein the flint molten glass discharged from the submerged combustion melter has a redox value of 0.4 or less.
22. The method set forth in claim 13 , wherein the vitrified feed material includes up to 80 wt % cullet.
23. A method comprising:
introducing a vitrifiable feed material into a glass melt contained within an interior reaction chamber of a submerged combustion melter, the submerged combustion melter comprising one or more submerged burners;
discharging combustion products from the one or more submerged burners directly into the glass melt, the one or more submerged burners combusting a combustible gas mixture that comprises fuel and oxygen, and wherein an oxygen-to-fuel ratio of the combustible gas mixture ranges from stoichiometry to 30% excess oxygen relative to stoichiometry;
maintaining a temperature of the glass melt between 1200° C. and 1500° C.;
maintaining a residence time of the glass melt between 1 hour and 10 hours;
discharging a flint molten glass from a molten glass outlet of the submerged combustion melter at a specific throughput rate that ranges from 2 tons per day per meter squared of cross-sectional area of the interior reaction chamber at a height of the molten glass outlet [tons/day/m 2 ] to 25 tons/day/m 2 ; and
forming a glass container from the flint molten glass, wherein the glass container, when solidified, is visually transparent as demonstrated by a dominate wavelength between 572 nm and 578 nm, a brightness above 50%, and a purity below 16%.