High resolution full waveform inversion

1. A computer-implemented method for generating a velocity model of a subterranean formation, the method comprising:

generating, using a source wavelet and a current velocity model, modeled seismic data of the subterranean formation;

applying a pre-condition to a seismic data residual calculated using the modeled seismic data and acquired seismic data from the subterranean formation, wherein the pre-condition comprises a double integral that removes a second order temporal in the seismic data residual;

generating a velocity update using the source wavelet and the pre-conditioned seismic data residual;

updating, using the velocity update, the current velocity model to generate an updated velocity model;

determining that the current velocity model satisfies a predetermined condition;

responsively determining that the updated velocity model is the velocity model of the subterranean formation;

performing using the updated velocity model drilling position determination; and

drilling, based on the drilling position determination and using a drilling system, one or more wellbores in the subterranean formation.

2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises an iterative loop, wherein determining that the current velocity model satisfies the predetermined condition is during a first instance of performing the iterative loop, and wherein the method further comprises:

during a second instance of performing the iterative loop, determining that the current velocity model does not satisfy the predetermined condition; and

responsively repeating the iterative loop until an occurrence of the predetermined condition or until a selected number of iterative loops is completed.

3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the source wavelet is a zero-phase broadband wavelet.

4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein generating the velocity update using the source wavelet and the pre-conditioned seismic data residual comprises:

using the current velocity model to forward propagate the source wavelet to generate a source wavefield;

using the current velocity model to backward propagate the pre-conditioned seismic data residual to generate a backward propagating wavefield of the pre-conditioned seismic data residual; and

cross-correlating the source wavefield and the backward propagating wavefield to generate the velocity update.

5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4 , wherein generating the velocity update using the source wavelet and the pre-conditioned seismic data residual further comprises:

removing a tomography part of the velocity update and preserving a reflection part of the velocity update.

6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined condition is a threshold accuracy.

7. A device comprising:

one or more processors; and

a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium coupled to the one or more processors and storing programming instructions for execution by the one or more processors, the programming instructions instructing the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:

generating, using a source wavelet and a current velocity model, modeled seismic data of the subterranean formation;

applying a pre-condition to a seismic data residual calculated using the modeled seismic data and acquired seismic data from the subterranean formation, wherein the pre-condition comprises a double integral that removes a second order temporal in the seismic data residual;

generating a velocity update using the source wavelet and the pre-conditioned seismic data residual;

updating, using the velocity update, the current velocity model to generate an updated velocity model;

determining that the current velocity model satisfies a predetermined condition;

responsively determining that the updated velocity model is the velocity model of the subterranean formation;

performing using the updated velocity model drilling position determination; and

drilling, based on the drilling position determination and using a drilling system, one or more wellbores in the subterranean formation.

8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the operations comprise an iterative loop, wherein determining that the current velocity model satisfies the predetermined condition is during a first instance of performing the iterative loop, and wherein the operations further comprise:

during a second instance of performing the iterative loop, determining that the current velocity model does not satisfy the predetermined condition; and

responsively repeating the iterative loop until an occurrence of the predetermined condition or until a selected number of iterative loops is completed.

9. The device of claim 7 , wherein the source wavelet is a zero-phase broadband wavelet.

10. The device of claim 7 , wherein generating the velocity update using the source wavelet and the pre-conditioned seismic data residual comprises:

using the current velocity model to forward propagate the source wavelet to generate a source wavefield;

using the current velocity model to backward propagate the pre-conditioned seismic data residual to generate a backward propagating wavefield of the pre-conditioned seismic data residual; and

cross-correlating the source wavefield and the backward propagating wavefield to generate the velocity update.

11. The device of claim 10 , wherein generating the velocity update using the source wavelet and the pre-conditioned seismic data residual further comprises:

removing a tomography part of the velocity update and preserving a reflection part of the velocity update.

12. The device of claim 7 , wherein the predetermined condition is a threshold accuracy.

13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:

applying a pre-condition to a seismic data residual calculated using the modeled seismic data and acquired seismic data from the subterranean formation, wherein the pre-condition comprises a double integral that removes a second order temporal in the seismic data residual;

generating a velocity update using the source wavelet and the pre-conditioned seismic data residual;

updating, using the velocity update, the current velocity model to generate an updated velocity model;

determining that the current velocity model satisfies a predetermined condition;

responsively determining that the updated velocity model is the velocity model of the subterranean formation;

performing using the updated velocity model drilling position determination; and

drilling, based on the drilling position determination and using a drilling system, one or more wellbores in the subterranean formation.

14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the operations comprise an iterative loop, wherein determining that the current velocity model satisfies the predetermined condition is during a first instance of performing the iterative loop, and wherein the operations further comprise:

during a second instance of performing the iterative loop, determining that the current velocity model does not satisfy the predetermined condition; and

responsively repeating the iterative loop until an occurrence of the predetermined condition or until a selected number of iterative loops is completed.

15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the source wavelet is a zero-phase broadband wavelet.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein generating the velocity update using the source wavelet and the pre-conditioned seismic data residual comprises:

using the current velocity model to forward propagate the source wavelet to generate a source wavefield;

using the current velocity model to backward propagate the pre-conditioned seismic data residual to generate a backward propagating wavefield of the pre-conditioned seismic data residual; and

cross-correlating the source wavefield and the backward propagating wavefield to generate the velocity update.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the predetermined condition is a threshold accuracy.