Methods, systems, and apparatus for determining radiation doses
Methods and apparatus for determining radiation doses based on phantom matching are disclosed. An example apparatus includes an image processor to process a scout image to determine the first dimensions of an anatomical landmark of the scout image file; a comparator to select a phantom model based on the first dimensions, the phantom model including the anatomical landmark with second dimensions substantially similar to the first dimensions; and a dose calculator to calculate a radiation dose for an organ in the anatomical landmark based on the selected phantom.
1. An apparatus comprising:
means for processing a first scout image to determine a first set of dimensions of a first anatomical landmark of a first scout image file;
means for flagging the first scout image when at least one of (A) the first anatomical landmark in the first scout image does not include an organ (B) the first set of dimensions of the first anatomic landmark cannot be determined, or (C) the first set of dimensions are outside of a predefined range, the flag to prompt a capture of a second scout image;
the means for processing to process the second scout image to determine a second set of dimensions of a second anatomical landmark of a second scout image file;
means for selecting a phantom model based on the second set of dimensions, the phantom model including the second anatomical landmark with a third set of dimensions that match the second set of dimensions; and
means for calculating a radiation dose for an organ in the second anatomical landmark based on the selected phantom.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing means is to (A) determine a contour of the first scout image and (B) delineate the first scout image to determine the first set of dimensions.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the organ in the second anatomical landmark is identified by a user.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the calculating means is to calculate the radiation dose based on at least one of a number of organ pixels of the phantom model, a computed tomography (CT) dose index, correction factors corresponding to a size of an imaged subject, or a fixed dose spread function.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further including means for outputting a report based on the calculated radiation dose.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the match corresponds to a difference between the second set of dimensions and the third set of dimensions being within a predefined threshold.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the match corresponds to a first difference between the second set of dimensions and the third set of dimensions being less than a second difference between the second set of dimensions and any other sets of dimensions for any other phantom in a database.
8. An apparatus comprising:
an image processor configured to process a first scout image to determine a first set of dimensions of a first anatomical landmark of a first scout image file;
a flag generator configured to flag the first scout image when at least one of (A) the first anatomical landmark in the first scout image does not include an organ (B) the image processor cannot determine the first set of dimensions of the first anatomic landmark, or (C) the first set of dimensions are outside of a predefined range, the flag to prompt a capture of a second scout image; and
a dose calculator configured to calculate a radiation dose for an organ in a second anatomical landmark of a second scout image file taken in response to the flag.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the image processor is configured to (A) determine a contour of the first scout image and (B) delineate the first scout image to determine the first set of dimensions.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the organ in the second anatomical landmark is identified by a user.
11. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the dose calculator is to calculate the radiation dose based on at least one of a number of organ pixels of a phantom model that corresponds to the second scout image file, a computed tomography (CT) dose index, correction factors corresponding to a size of an imaged subject, or a fixed dose spread function.
12. The apparatus of claim 8 , further including a reporter configured to output a report based on the calculated radiation dose.
13. The apparatus of claim 8 , further including a transmitter to transmit the flag to an imaging device to prompt the capture of the second scout image file.
14. A tangible computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to at least:
process a first scout image to determine a first set of dimensions of a first anatomical landmark of a first scout image file;
flag the first scout image when at least one of (A) the first anatomical landmark in the first scout image does not include an organ (B) the first set of dimensions of the first anatomic landmark cannot be determined, or (C) the first set of dimensions are outside of a predefined range, the flag to prompt a capture of a second scout image; and
calculate a radiation dose for an organ in a second anatomical landmark of a second scout image file taken in response to the flag.
15. The tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 14 , wherein the instructions cause the machine to (A) determine a contour of the first scout image and (B) delineate the first scout image to determine the first set of dimensions.
16. The tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 14 , wherein the instructions cause the machine to calculate the radiation dose based on at least one of a number of organ pixels of a phantom model that corresponds to the second scout image file, a computed tomography (CT) dose index, correction factors corresponding to a size of an imaged subject, or a fixed dose spread function.
17. The tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 14 , wherein the instructions cause the machine to output a report based on the calculated radiation dose.
18. The tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 14 , wherein the instructions cause the machine to select a phantom model that corresponds to the second scout image file, the calculation of the radiation dose for the organ being based on the selected phantom.
19. The tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 18 , wherein the instructions cause the machine to select the phantom model by:
identifying the organ;
determining the second anatomical landmark corresponding to the identified organ; and
selecting the phantom model including a third set of dimensions that match a second set of dimensions of the second anatomical landmark of the second scout image file.
20. The tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 14 , wherein the instruction cause the machine to transmit the flag to an imaging device to prompt the capture of the second scout image file.