Optical absorbing thermoplastic polymer particles and methods of production and uses thereof
Optical absorber-containing thermoplastic polymer particles (OACTP particles) may be produced by methods that comprise: mixing a mixture comprising a thermoplastic polymer, a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the thermoplastic polymer, and optionally an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer and at a shear rate sufficiently high to disperse the thermoplastic polymer in the carrier fluid; cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer to form solidified particles comprising the thermoplastic polymer; separating the solidified particles from the carrier fluid; and exposing the solidified particles to an optical absorber to produce the OACTP particles.
1. A method comprising:
mixing a mixture comprising a thermoplastic polymer, a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the thermoplastic polymer, and an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer and at a shear rate sufficiently high to disperse the thermoplastic polymer in the carrier fluid, wherein the emulsion stabilizer comprises nanoparticles;
cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer to form solidified particles comprising the thermoplastic polymer;
separating the solidified particles from the carrier fluid; and
exposing the solidified particles to an optical absorber to produce optical absorber-containing thermoplastic polymer particles (OACTP particles).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the optical absorber is a first optical absorber, and wherein the mixture further comprises a second optical absorber.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first and second optical absorbers are different.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the OACTP particles comprise 0.01 wt % to 30 wt % of the optical absorber based on the weight of the thermoplastic polymer in the OACTP particles.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the optical absorber is selected from the group consisting of rhodamines, fluoresceins, coumarins, naphthalimides, benzoxanthenes, acridines, cyanines, oxazins, phenanthridine, pyrrole ketones, benzaldehydes, polymethines, triarylmethanes, anthraquinones, pyrazolones, quinophthalones, carbonyl dyes, diazo dyes, perinones, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), dioxazine dyes, phthalocyanines, indanthrenes, benzanthrone, violanthrones, azo dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, quinacridone dyes, anthraquinone dyes, indigo dyes, thioindigo dyes, perinone dyes, perylene dyes, isoindolene dyes, aromatic amino acids, flavins, derivatives of pyridoxyl, derivatives of chlorophyll, any combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the emulsion stabilizer is associated with an outer surface of the OACTP particles.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the emulsion stabilizer is embedded in the outer surface.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyurethanes, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polyacetals, polycarbonates, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhexamethylene terephthalate, polystyrenes, polyvinyl chlorides, polytetrafluoroethenes, polyesters, polylactic acid, polyethers, polyether sulfones, polyetherether ketones, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyimides, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyphenylene sulfides, vinyl polymers, polyarylene ethers, polyarylene sulfides, polysulfones, polyether ketones, polyamide-imides, polyetherimides, polyetheresters, copolymers comprising a polyether block and a polyamide block, grafted or ungrafted thermoplastic polyolefins, functionalized or nonfunctionalized ethylene/vinyl monomer polymer, functionalized or nonfunctionalized ethylene/alkyl (meth)acrylates, functionalized or nonfunctionalized (meth)acrylic acid polymers, functionalized or nonfunctionalized ethylene/vinyl monomer/alkyl (meth)acrylate terpolymers, ethylene/vinyl monomer/carbonyl terpolymers, ethylene/alkyl (meth)acrylate/carbonyl terpolymers, methylmethacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS)-type core-shell polymers, polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (SBM) block terpolymers, chlorinated or chlorosulphonated polyethylenes, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), phenolic resins, poly(ethylene/vinyl acetate)s, polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, styrenic block copolymers, polyacrylonitriles, silicones, and any combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the OACTP particles have a D10 of about 0.1 μm to about 125 μm, a D50 of about 0.5 μm to about 200 μm, and a D90 of about 3 μm to about 300 μm, wherein D10<D50<D90.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the OACTP particles have a diameter span of about 0.2 to about 10.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the OACTP particles have a circularity of about 0.90 to about 1.0.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the OACTP particles have a Hausner ratio of about 1.0 to about 1.5.