Downhole collar utilizing fusible anchor elements
A sleeve can be used as a stop collar on tubing. A fusible element disposed about the inside or outside surface of the collar can be accessed by electrodes via the at least one access point in the collar. An insulator insulates the fusible element from the collar, while the electrodes apply electric current to the fusible element. A fusible material of the fusible element is heated to melting in response to the applied electric current and affixes the collar to the tubing with a metallurgical bond formed from the melting and re-solidifying of the fusible material inside a space between the first circumferential surface of the collar and the opposing circumferential surface of the tubing. The fusible material can be heated to melting directly with the electric current, or an ignitable material activated with the electric current can melt the fusible material.
1. A method of attaching a collar to tubing for use downhole, the method comprising not necessarily in sequence:
positioning a fusible element about a first circumferential surface of the collar;
insulating the fusible element from a first material of the collar by insulating a wire of the fusible element with an insulator jacket of the fusible element, wherein the insulator jacket comprises a flux material;
positioning the collar with the first circumferential surface adjacent an opposing circumferential surface of the tubing;
heating a fusible material of the fusible element to melting by accessing the fusible element through at least one access point defined through a second circumferential surface of the collar; and
affixing the collar to the tubing with a metallurgical bond formed from the melting and re-solidifying of the fusible material between the first circumferential surface of the collar and the opposing circumferential surface of the tubing.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
positioning the fusible element about the first circumferential surface of the collar comprises positioning the fusible element about an inside surface of the collar, and positioning the collar with the first circumferential surface adjacent the opposing circumferential surface of the tubing comprises positioning the inside surface of the collar about an outside surface of the tubing; or positioning the fusible element about the first circumferential surface of the collar comprises positioning the fusible element about an outside surface of the collar, and positioning the collar with the first circumferential surface adjacent the opposing circumferential surface of the tubing comprises positioning the outside surface of the collar about an inside surface of the tubing.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
positioning the collar with the first circumferential surface adjacent the opposing circumferential surface of the tubing comprises sliding the collar longitudinally onto or into the tubing; or
positioning the collar with the first circumferential surface adjacent the opposing circumferential surface of the tubing comprises opening and closing the collar laterally onto the tubing.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the fusible material of the fusible element to melting comprises applying electric current to the fusible element.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein heating the fusible material of the fusible element to melting comprises igniting an ignitable material of the fusible element with the applied electric current.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the fusible material of the fusible element to melting comprises igniting an ignitable element adjacent the fusible element.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein igniting the ignitable element adjacent the fusible element comprises applying electric current to the ignitable element.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein positioning the fusible element about the first circumferential surface of the collar comprises positioning the fusible element in a groove defined about the first circumferential surface.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein positioning the collar with the first circumferential surface adjacent the opposing circumferential surface of the tubing comprises:
sliding a cylindrical sleeve of the collar onto or into the tubing;
wrapping a split sleeve having a longitudinal split therein about the tubing; or
closing a hinged sleeve having a longitudinal split and at least one hinge about the tubing.
10. An apparatus for use on tubing, the apparatus comprising:
a collar having first and second circumferential surfaces, the collar disposed with the first circumferential surface adjacent an opposing circumferential surface of the tubing, the collar having at least one access point defined through the first and second circumferential surfaces;
a fusible element disposed about the first circumferential surface of the collar and accessible via the at least one access point in the collar;
an insulator insulating the fusible element from the collar; and
a fusible material of the fusible element heated to melting in response to electric activation and affixing the collar to the tubing with a metallurgical bond formed from the melting and re-solidifying of the fusible material inside a space between the first circumferential surface of the collar and the opposing circumferential surface of the tubing, wherein the fusible element comprises a wire insulated in a jacket of the insulator, wherein the jacket comprises a flux material.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising a centralizer disposed on the tubing adjacent the collar.
12. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the collar comprises an end ring of a centralizer disposed on the tubing.
13. The apparatus of claim 10 ,
wherein the first circumferential surface is an inside surface of the collar, and the second circumferential surface is an outside surface of the collar; or
wherein the first circumferential surface is an outside surface of the collar, and the second circumferential surface is an inside surface of the collar.
14. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the fusible element comprises an ignitable material disposed with the fusible material, the ignitable material being ignited with the electric activation and melting the fusible material to form the metallurgical bond.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the ignitable material comprises a thermite, a metal-oxidizer, a metal hydride-oxidizer, an intermetallic, or a pyrotechnic composition.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the fusible element comprises an electro-pyrotechnic initiator, a bridge wire, a nichrome wire, or a heating element.
17. The apparatus of claim 14 ,
wherein the fusible element comprises a composite of the ignitable material and the fusible material; or
wherein the ignitable material comprises a core of the fusible element, and the fusible material is disposed as a portion of the jacket of the fusible element about the core.
18. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the fusible material comprises a metallic weld material, a metallic braze material, a metallic solder material, a metallic alloy, or a metallurgical bonding material.
19. The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising a tool comprising electrodes coupled to a source of electric current, the electrodes engageable with the fusible element via the at least one access point and applying the electric current to the fusible element as the electric activation.
20. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the collar comprises:
a cylindrical sleeve being configured to slide onto or into the tubing;
a split sleeve having a longitudinal split therein and being configured to wrap about the tubing; or
a hinged sleeve having a longitudinal split and at least one hinge and being configured to close about the tubing.