Method for producing paper or cardboard
Methods for producing paper or cardboard are provided that comprise the steps (A) adding a final polymer A to a first aqueous fibrous material suspension, whereby a second aqueous fibrous material suspension containing final polymer A is created, wherein the final polymer A is obtainable by radical polymerisation of the monomers (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v) as described herein in the amounts provided herein; and hydrolysing the starting polymer V in order to obtain the final polymer A, (B) dewatering the second aqueous fibrous material suspension containing final polymer A on a water-permeable substrate to form a wet paper structure, (C) dewatering the wet paper structure, whereby the paper or the cardboard is formed.
1. A method for producing paper or cardboard, comprising the steps of,
(A) adding a final polymer A to a first aqueous fibrous material suspension, whereby a second aqueous fibrous material suspension comprising final polymer A is created,
wherein the final polymer A is obtained by
radical polymerisation of the monomers
(i) 30 to 90 mol % of a monomer of formula I
in which R 1 ═H or means C 1 -C 6 alkyl,
(ii) 3 to 60 mol % of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of acrylic acid or of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of methacrylic acid,
(iii) 0 to 45 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, a monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid, or a monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid, or salt forms thereof,
(iv) 0 to 9 mol % acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile,
(v) 0 to 35 mol % of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are different from a monomer (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv),
wherein the total amount of all monomers (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) is 100 mol %, in order to obtain a starting polymer V, and
hydrolysing the starting polymer V in order to obtain the final polymer A,
wherein the N—C(═O)R′ groups of formula (I) of the monomers (i) polymerised into the starting polymer V hydrolyse at least in part and in so doing form primary amino groups,
wherein the ester groups of the monomers (ii) polymerised into the starting polymer V are converted at least in part and at least part of the conversion is the formation of five-membered lactam structural units with the obtained primary amino groups or the formation of carboxylic acid groups or salt forms thereof,
(B) dewatering the second aqueous fibrous material suspension comprising final polymer A on a water-permeable substrate to form a wet paper structure,
(C) dewatering the wet paper structure, whereby the paper or the cardboard is formed.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
(i) 50 to 89 mol % of a monomer of formula I
(ii) 5 to 45 mol % of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of acrylic acid or of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of methacrylic acid,
(iii) 0 to 30 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, a monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid, or a monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid, or salt forms thereof,
(iv) 0 to 9 mol % acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile,
(v) 0 to 25 mol % of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are different from a monomer (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv),
are used for the radical polymerisation.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
(i) 58 to 83 mol % of a monomer of formula I
(ii) 8 to 39 mol % of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of acrylic acid or of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of methacrylic acid,
(iii) 0 to 25 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, a monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid, or a monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid, or salt forms thereof,
(iv) 0 to 9 mol % acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile,
(v) 0 to 25 mol % of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are different from a monomer (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv),
are used for the radical polymerisation.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer (iii) is used in an amount of from 1 to 25 mol %.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 70 to 100% of the monomers (i) polymerised into the starting polymer V are hydrolysed in relation to the number of all monomers (i) polymerised into the starting polymer V, and at least 90 to 100% of the monomers (ii) polymerised into the starting polymer V are converted in relation to the number of all monomers (ii) polymerised into the starting polymer V.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein at least 70 and at most 99.5% of the monomers (i) polymerised in are hydrolysed in relation to the number of all monomers (i) polymerised into the starting polymer V.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the starting polymer V is subjected to alkaline hydrolysis to form the final polymer A.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer (i) is N-vinylformamide with R 1 ═H in formula I.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer (ii) is a C 1 -C 3 alkyl ester of acrylic acid or C 1 alkyl ester of methacrylic acid.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the monomer (ii) is a C 1 -C 3 alkyl ester of acrylic acid.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer (ii) is ethyl acrylate.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer (iii) is a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or a monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid, or salt forms thereof.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer (iii) is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinylsulfonic acid or 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, or salt forms thereof.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomers
(i) 60 to 83 mol % N-vinylformamide,
(ii) 8 to 21 mol % ethyl acrylate,
(iii) 2 to 21 mol % acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or salt forms thereof,
(iv) 0 to 9 mol % acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile,
(v) 0 to 24 mol % of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are different from a monomer (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv),
are used for the radical polymerisation.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomers (v) comprise an amount of from 0 to 6 mol % acrylamide, the mole percentage relates to the total number of all monomers (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v), and the total number of all monomers is 100 mol %.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ester groups of the monomers (ii) polymerised into the starting polymer V are converted at least in part and at least part of the conversion is the formation of five-membered lactam structural units with the obtained primary amino groups.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (A) the first aqueous fibrous material suspension has a dry content between 0.1% by weight and 6% by weight.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein in step (B) the wet paper structure has a dry content between 18.5 and 25% by weight.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (A) the final polymer A is added to the first aqueous fibrous material suspension, which has a dry content of more than 1.5% by weight and up to 6% by weight at the time of the addition.
20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (A) the final polymer A is added as an aqueous dispersion or aqueous solution with a pH value of from 6 to 9.