Method for the hydrolysis of a polymer
Methods for producing final polymer A are provided that comprise the following steps: (A) providing a starting polymer V, the starting polymer V being obtainable by radical polymerization of the monomers (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) as described herein in the amounts provided herein; and (B) hydrolyzing the provided starting polymer V under alkaline conditions to obtain the final polymer A, wherein the N—C(═O)R 1 groups of formula (I) at least partially hydrolyze the monomers (i) polymerized into the starting polymer V to form primary amino groups. Certain final polymers A obtained are useful for a method for producing paper or cardboard comprising adding certain final polymers A to a first aqueous pulp suspension, dewatering the obtained second aqueous pulp suspension containing certain final polymers A on a water-permeable substrate to a wet paper structure, and further dewatering of the wet paper structure into a paper or cardboard.
1. A method for producing final polymer A comprising the following steps:
(A) providing a starting polymer V, wherein the starting polymer V is obtained by
radical polymerization of the monomers
(i) 58 to 90 mol % of a monomer of the formula I
in which R 1 denotes H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl,
(ii) 3 to 39 mol % of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of acrylic acid or of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of methacrylic acid,
(iii) 1 to 25 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, a monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid or a monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid, or salt forms thereof,
(iv) 0 to 35 mol % of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are different from a monomer (i), (ii) and (iii),
wherein the total amount of all monomers (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) is 100 mol %, and
(B) hydrolyzing the provided starting polymer V under alkaline conditions to obtain the final polymer A,
wherein the N—C(═O)R 1 groups of the formula (I) of the monomers (i) polymerized into the starting polymer V at least partially hydrolyze to form primary amino groups, and wherein a viscosity peak during hydrolyzing of the provided starting polymer V is low to none.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (B), the ester groups of the monomers (ii) polymerized into the starting polymer V at least partially react and at least part of the reaction is the formation of five-membered lactam structural units with the obtained primary amino groups or the formation of carboxylic acid groups or salt forms thereof.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein for the radical polymerization
(i) 58 to 89 mol % of a monomer of the formula I,
(ii) 5 to 39 mol % of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of acrylic acid or of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of methacrylic acid,
(iii) 1 to 25 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, a monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid or a monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid, or salt forms thereof,
(iv) 0 to 25 mol % of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are different from a monomer (i), (ii) and (iii),
are used.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein for the radical polymerizing
(i) 58 to 83 mol % of a monomer of the formula I,
(ii) 8 to 39 mol % of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of acrylic acid or of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of methacrylic acid,
(iii) 2 to 25 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, a monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid or a monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid, or salt forms thereof,
(iv) 0 to 25 mol % of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are different from a monomer (i), (ii) and (iii),
are used.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer (iii) is used in an amount of 3 to 25 mol %.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (B), at least 50 to 100% of the monomers (i) polymerized into the starting polymer V are hydrolyzed, based on the number of all monomers (i) polymerized into the starting polymer V.
7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein in step (B), at least 50 to 100% of the monomers (ii) polymerized into the starting polymer V are reacted, based on the number of all monomers (ii) polymerized into the starting polymer V.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (B), at least 70 and at most 99.5% of the polymerized monomers (i) are hydrolyzed, based on the number of all monomers (i) polymerized into the starting polymer V.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer (i) is N-vinylformamide with R 1 =H in formula I.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer (ii) is a C 1 -C 3 alkyl ester of acrylic acid or C 1 alkyl ester of methacrylic acid.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the monomer (ii) is a C 1 -C 2 alkyl ester of acrylic acid.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer (ii) is ethyl acrylate.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer (iii) is a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or a monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid, or salt forms thereof.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer (iii) is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinylsulfonic acid or 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, or salt forms thereof.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein for the radical polymerization, the monomers
(i) 60 to 83 mol % of N-vinylformamide,
(ii) 8 to 21 mol % ethyl acrylate,
(iii) 2 to 21 mol % of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or salt forms thereof,
(iv) 0 to 24 mol % of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are different from a monomer (i), (ii) and (iii),
are used.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monomers (iv) comprise an amount of 0 to 6 mol % of acrylamide, the molar percent being based on the total number of all monomers (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) and the total number of all monomers being 100 mol %.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (B), the ester groups of the monomers (ii) polymerized into the starting polymer V are at least partially reacted and at least part of the reaction is the formation of five-membered lactam structural units with the obtained primary amino groups.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (B), a base is used in a numerical amount corresponding to between 30 and 150 mol % of the number of monomers (i) polymerized into starting polymer V.
19. A method of producing paper or cardboard comprising the following steps:
(AC) adding a final polymer A to a first aqueous pulp suspension whereby a second aqueous pulp suspension comprising final polymer A is created,
wherein the final polymer A is obtained by
radical polymerization of the monomers
(i) 58 to 90 mol % of a monomer of the formula I
in which R 1 denotes H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl,
(ii) 3 to 39 mol % of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of acrylic acid or of a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester of methacrylic acid,
(iii) 1 to 25 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, a monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid or a monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid, or salt forms thereof,
(iv) 0 to 35 mol % of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are different from a monomer (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv),
wherein acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile are used in an amount of 0 to 9 mol %, wherein the total amount of all monomers (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) is 100 mol % to obtain a starting polymer V, and
hydrolyzing the provided starting polymer V under alkaline conditions to obtain the final polymer A,
wherein the N—C(═O)R 1 groups of the formula (I) of the monomers (i) polymerized into the starting polymer V at least partially hydrolyze to form primary amino groups,
wherein the ester groups of the monomers (ii) polymerized into the starting polymer V are at least partially reacted and at least part of the reaction is the formation of five-membered lactam structural units with the obtained primary amino groups or the formation of carboxylic acid groups or salt forms thereof, and wherein a viscosity peak during hydrolyzing of the provided starting polymer V is low to none,
(BC) dewatering the second aqueous pulp suspension containing final polymer A on a water-permeable substrate to a wet paper structure,
(CC) dewatering the wet paper structure, resulting in the paper or cardboard.