Metal removal from fluids
Metals, such as mercury, may be removed from aqueous, hydrocarbon, or mixed oilfield or refinery fluids by: applying a sulfur compound having the general formula HS—X, where X is a heteroatom substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and/or alkylaryl group either alone or in combination with or as a blend with at least one demulsifier, a buffering agent, a pour point depressant, and/or a water clarifier to chelate the at least one metal and form a chelate complex of the sulfur compound with the at least one metal and then separating the chelate complex from the fluid.
1. A treated fluid comprising:
a fluid comprising at least one metal selected from a group consisting of mercury, copper, iron, zinc, aluminum, arsenic, selenium, lithium, silicon, and combinations thereof; and
an additive comprising:
a sulfur compound having the general formula HS—X, where X is a heteroatom substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and/or alkylaryl group, where the heteroatom is selected from a group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, phosphorus, and combinations thereof,
a component selected from the group consisting of at least one demulsifier, a buffering agent, a water clarifier, a pour point depressant, and combinations thereof; and
at least one chelate complex of the sulfur compound with the at least one metal.
2. The treated fluid of claim 1 , where the fluid comprising at least one metal is selected from the group consisting of crude oil, an oilfield condensate, liquified petroleum gas, natural gas liquid, propane, butane, a refinery distillate, a residual fuel, storage tank sludge, a coke product, natural gas, refinery fuel gas, wastewater, produced water, a chemical process fluid, and combinations thereof.
3. The treated fluid of claim 1 , where the sulfur compound is selected from the group consisting of 2-mercaptoethanol; bis (2-mercaptoethyl) sulfide; 2-mercaptoethyl disulfide; 1,8-dimercapto-3,6-dioxaoctane; mercaptoacetic acid; glyceryl monothioglycolate; 2-mercaptophenol; 4-mercaptophenol; 1,2 dithioethane; thiolactic acid; 2,4,6 trithiol; and combinations thereof.
4. The treated fluid of claim 1 , where the additive comprises the sulfur compound and a buffering agent selected from a group consisting of glycolic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, and combinations thereof.
5. The treated fluid of claim 4 , where the amount of the sulfur compound in the fluid ranges from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm per the amount, in ppm, of the at least one metal in the fluid.
6. The treated fluid of claim 1 , where the additive comprises the sulfur compound and at least one demulsifier.
7. The treated fluid of claim 1 , where the additive comprising the sulfur compound and a water clarifier.
8. The treated fluid of claim 7 , where the amount of the water clarifier in the additive ranges from about 0.1 ppm to about 200 ppm, based on the total volume of the fluid.
9. A treated fluid comprising:
a fluid comprising at least one metal selected from a group consisting of mercury, copper, iron, zinc, aluminum, arsenic, selenium, lithium, silicon, and combinations thereof; and
an additive comprising:
from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm per the amount, in ppm, of the at least one metal in the fluid of a sulfur compound having the general formula HS—X, where X is a heteroatom substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and/or alkylaryl group, where the heteroatom is selected from a group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, phosphorus, and combinations thereof, and
a component selected from the group consisting of at least one demulsifier, a buffering agent, a water clarifier, a pour point depressant, and combinations thereof; and
at least one chelate complex of the sulfur compound with the at least one metal.
10. The treated fluid of claim 9 , where the fluid comprising at least one metal is selected from the group consisting of crude oil, an oilfield condensate, liquified petroleum gas, natural gas liquid, propane, butane, a refinery distillate, a residual fuel, storage tank sludge, a coke product, natural gas, refinery fuel gas, wastewater, produced water, a chemical process fluid, and combinations thereof.
11. The treated fluid of claim 9 , where the sulfur compound is selected from the group consisting of 2-mercaptoethanol; bis (2-mercaptoethyl) sulfide; 2-mercaptoethyl disulfide; 1,8-dimercapto-3,6-dioxaoctane; mercaptoacetic acid; glyceryl monothioglycolate; 2-mercaptophenol; 4-mercaptophenol; 1,2 dithioethane; thiolactic acid; 2,4,6 trithiol; and combinations thereof.
12. The treated fluid of claim 9 , where the additive comprises the sulfur compound and a buffering agent selected from a group consisting of glycolic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, and combinations thereof.
13. The treated fluid of claim 9 , where the additive comprises the sulfur compound and at least one demulsifier.
14. The treated fluid of claim 9 , where the additive comprising the sulfur compound and a water clarifier.
15. A treated fluid comprising:
a fluid comprising at least one metal selected from a group consisting of mercury, copper, iron, zinc, aluminum, silicon, and combinations thereof, where the fluid comprising at least one metal is selected from the group consisting of crude oil, an oilfield condensate, liquified petroleum gas, natural gas liquid, propane, butane, a refinery distillate, a residual fuel, storage tank sludge, a coke product, natural gas, refinery fuel gas, wastewater, produced water, a chemical process fluid, and combinations thereof; and
an additive comprising:
a sulfur compound selected from the group consisting of 2-mercaptoethanol; bis (2-mercaptoethyl) sulfide; 2-mercaptoethyl disulfide; 1,8-dimercapto-3,6-dioxaoctane; mercaptoacetic acid; glyceryl monothioglycolate; 2-mercaptophenol; 4-mercaptophenol; 1,2 dithioethane; thiolactic acid; 2,4,6 trithiol, and combinations thereof;
a component selected from the group consisting of at least one demulsifier, a buffering agent, a water clarifier, a pour point depressant, and combinations thereof; and
at least one chelate complex of the sulfur compound with the at least one metal.
16. The treated fluid of claim 15 , where the amount of the sulfur compound in the fluid ranges from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm per the amount, in ppm, of the at least one metal in the fluid.