Method and apparatus for accurate placement of electrocardiogram electrodes
A method for guiding electrocardiogram (ECG) electrode placement on a person includes acquiring an image of the person, identifying an externally discernable anatomical landmark on the image, determining target locations for first through nth electrodes as a function of the location of the landmark, and highlighting the target locations on the person. A system for guiding placement of ECG electrodes comprises an imaging device, an illumination source, a processor, and machine readable instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor, identify at least one marker in an image acquired by the imaging device, determine, as a function of the location of the at least one marker, target locations on the person at which first through nth ECG electrodes should be placed, and cause the illumination source to illuminate the first through nth target locations.
1. A method for guiding electrocardiogram (ECG) electrode placement on a person, comprising:
identifying, with a processor, at least one externally discernable anatomical landmark illustrated in an image of the person;
acquiring, with the processor, an additional image illustrating an internal anatomical structure of the person;
identifying, with the processor, at least one internal feature of the person based on the additional image;
determining, with the processor, and based on a first location of the at least one landmark, and a second location of the at least one internal feature, target locations on the person at which first through nth ECG electrodes should be placed; and
causing, with the processor, an illumination source to highlight the target locations on the person with visible light.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first through nth target locations are highlighted one at a time.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein an electrode is associated with each target location, and the method includes:
assessing, with the processor, whether an actual location of each electrode with respect to its target location satisfies at least one acceptance criterion, and, in response to the assessing step, and
issuing, with the processor, an electrode placement status indication.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the status indication is a non-acceptability indication, the method further comprising refraining from highlighting a next target location T i+1 (I=2, 3, . . . n) until the assessment reveals that the currently highlighted target location T i (I=1, 2, . . . n−1) satisfies the at least one acceptance criterion.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first through nth target locations are highlighted simultaneously.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the illumination source is coupled to an actuator, the actuator being adapted to move the illumination source, in response to a command from the processor, relative to the patient.
7. The method of claim 1 including issuing, with the processor, a command to the illumination source, the command causing the illumination source to aim the visible light at the target locations thereby effecting the highlighting of the target locations.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the image of the person comprises a first image and the additional image comprises a second image, the method further including:
causing, with the processor, an imaging device to capture the second image, wherein determining the target locations comprises
registering, with the processor, the second image with the first image.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the second image comprises an X-ray image or an MRI image.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
determining, with the processor, a temporal sequence for illuminating the first through nth locations; and
causing, with the processor, the illumination source to highlight the first through nth locations, with visible light, according to the temporal sequence, and after the first through nth locations have been determined.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the first through nth locations are determined, respectively, as functions of a location of at least one additional marker, and
the at least one additional marker is determined, with the processor, based on the image of the person.
12. A method for guiding electrocardiogram (ECG) electrode placement on a person, comprising:
acquiring an image of the person;
identifying at least one externally discernable anatomical landmark illustrated in the image of the person;
acquiring an additional image illustrating an internal anatomical structure of the person;
identifying at least one internal feature of the person based on the additional image;
determining, based on a first location of the at least one landmark and a second location of the at least one internal feature, target locations on the person at which first through nth ECG electrodes should be placed; and
highlighting the target locations on the person with visible light.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the image of the person comprises a first image, and the additional image comprises a second image, the method further including:
acquiring the second image with an X-ray imaging device or an MRI imaging device, wherein determining the target locations comprises
registering, with a processor, the second image with the first image.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the second image comprises an X-ray image or an MRI image.
15. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
determining a temporal sequence for highlighting the target locations; and
highlighting the first through nth locations, with visible light, according to the temporal sequence, and after the first through nth locations have been determined.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein:
the first through nth locations are determined, respectively, as functions of a location of at least one additional marker, and
the at least one additional marker is determined based on the image of the person.
17. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media maintaining instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, program the one or more processors to:
acquire a digital image of a person;
identify at least one externally discernable anatomical landmark illustrated in the digital image of the person;
acquire an additional image illustrating an internal anatomical structure of the person;
identify at least one internal feature of the person based on the additional image;
determine, based on a first location of the at least one landmark and a second location of the at least one internal feature, target locations on the person at which first through nth ECG electrodes should be placed; and
cause an illumination source to direct visible light to the target locations.
18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 17 , wherein:
the digital image comprises a first image,
the additional image comprises a second image,
the instructions further program the one or more processors to:
cause an imaging device to acquire the second image, wherein determining the target locations comprises
registering the second image with the first image.
19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 17 , wherein the instructions further program the one or more processors to:
determine a temporal sequence for highlighting the target locations; and
cause the first through nth locations to be highlighted, with visible light, according to the temporal sequence, and after the first through nth locations have been determined.
20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 17 , wherein:
the first through nth locations are determined, respectively, as functions of a location of at least one additional marker, and
the location of the at least one additional marker is determined based on the image of the person.