Metal nanoparticle-decorated nanotubes for gas sensing
Disclosed herein are methods of producing metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes. The methods include forming a reaction mixture by combining a first solution with a second solution, wherein the first solution comprises polymer-coated metal nanoparticles comprising metallic nanoparticles coated with a polymer, and wherein the second solution comprises carbon nanotubes. The methods also include heating the reaction mixture to a temperature greater than a glass transition temperature of the polymer for a time sufficient to cause the polymer-coated metal nanoparticles to bind to the carbon nanotubes forming the metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes.
1. A method of producing metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes, the method comprising:
forming a reaction mixture by combining a first solution with a second solution, wherein the first solution comprises polymer-coated metal nanoparticles comprising metallic nanoparticles coated with a polymer, and wherein the second solution comprises carbon nanotubes; and
heating the reaction mixture to a temperature greater than a glass transition temperature of the polymer for a time sufficient to cause the polymer-coated metal nanoparticles to bind to the carbon nanotubes forming the metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-coated metal nanoparticles are fully-formed prior to forming the reaction mixture.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polymer-coated metal nanoparticles are non-covalently bound to the carbon nanotubes.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein an average degree of functionalization of the carbon nanotubes with carboxylic acid groups and/or hydroxyl groups is less than 3 wt % based on a total weight of the carbon nanotubes.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
dispersing the metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes in a non-aqueous solvent-based ink.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-coated-metal nanoparticles are coated with a hydrophobic polymer layer.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are substantially free of carboxylic acid functional groups and hydroxyl functional groups.
8. A method of producing metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes, the method comprising:
forming polymer-coated metal nanoparticles by dispersing a polymer and a salt precursor of a metal into a solvent, reducing the metal salt precursor of the metal with a reducing reagent;
forming a reaction mixture by combining a first solution with a second solution, wherein the first solution comprises polymer-coated metal nanoparticles comprising metallic nanoparticles coated with a polymer, and wherein the second solution comprises carbon nanotubes; and
heating the reaction mixture to a temperature greater than a glass transition temperature of the polymer for a time sufficient to cause the polymer-coated metal nanoparticles to bind to the carbon nanotubes forming the metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein an average degree of functionalization of the carbon nanotubes with carboxylic acid groups and/or hydroxyl groups is less than 3 wt % based on a total weight of the carbon nanotubes.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the solvent is both a solvent and a reducing reagent.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the solvent and a reducing reagent is ethylene glycol.
12. The method of claim 8 , further involving heating of the solution of polymer and a salt precursor of a metal into the solvent.
13. The method of claim 8 , further involving removal of excess of un-bound polymer onto the polymer-coated nanoparticles by washing with a first solvent, separation and redispersion of the polymer-coated nanoparticles into a second solvent to form a polymer-coated nanoparticle dispersion that is free of unbound polymer, (i.e., does not contain unbound polymer).
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are selected from a group of single wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes.
15. The method of claim 8 , wherein the diameter of the metallic core of the polymer coated metal nanoparticles decorated carbon nanotubes is comprised in a range from 1 nm to 20 nm.
16. The method of claim 8 , wherein the diameter of the metallic core of the polymer coated metal nanoparticles decorated carbon nanotubes is comprised in a range from 1 nm to 20 nm and the carbon nanotubes are single wall carbon nanotubes.
17. A method of producing metal alloy nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes, the method comprising:
forming polymer-coated metal nanoparticles by dispersing a polymer and a mixture of two or more salt precursors of metals into a solvent, reducing the mixture of metal salt precursors with a reducing reagent forming polymer coated alloy metal nanoparticles containing two or more metals;
forming a reaction mixture by combining a first solution with a second solution, wherein the first solution comprises polymer-coated metal nanoparticles comprising metallic nanoparticles coated with a polymer, and wherein the second solution comprises carbon nanotubes; and
heating the reaction mixture to a temperature greater than a glass transition temperature of the polymer for a time sufficient to cause the polymer-coated metal nanoparticles to bind to the carbon nanotubes forming the metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the salt precursors of the polymer-coated metal alloy nanoparticles is selected from a group of metal ions that after reduction process form metals selected from a group of palladium, iridium, rhodium, platinum, and gold.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein an average degree of functionalization of the carbon nanotubes with carboxylic acid groups and/or hydroxyl groups is less than 3 wt % based on a total weight of the carbon nanotubes.