DOPED CATHODE MATERIAL PRECURSOR FROM RECYCLED LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
A battery recycling process aggregates a recycling stream including charge material metals from exhausted Li-ion batteries and generates recycled battery charge material having comparable or improved cycle life as well as recycled charge material precursor having fewer cracking defects using doping substances in a coprecipitation phase in the recycling sequence. In a coprecipitation process, a solution of comingled charge material metals is produced, the ratio of the charge material metals is adjusted based on recycled battery specifications, and a relatively small quantity of a doping salt is added.
1 . A method of producing a doped cathode material precursor from a recycled lithium-ion battery stream, comprising
leaching a black mass from the recycled lithium-ion battery stream to obtain a leach solution including a ratio of metallic elements;
adjusting the ratio of the metallic elements to a selected ratio with additional metal salts;
adding one or more dopant salts to the leach solution; and
co-precipitating the metallic elements and dopant salts from the leach solution to form the doped cathode material precursor having the selected ratio of metallic elements.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the dopant salt is a salt comprising a dopant metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Nb, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Zr.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the doped cathode material precursor comprises 0.5 to 5000 ppm of the dopant metal.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the dopant salt is a Mg salt or an Al salt.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the dopant salt is aluminum nitrate.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the doped cathode material precursor comprises 1-100 ppm of Al.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the metallic elements comprise at least one of nickel, manganese, and cobalt.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the metallic elements are nickel, manganese, and cobalt.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the doped cathode material precursor comprises greater than 60% nickel.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the doped cathode material precursor comprises less than 60% nickel.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the doped cathode material precursor comprises from 10% nickel to 50% nickel.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the doped cathode material precursor has fewer cracks than a comparative cathode material precursor prepared without addition of the dopant salt to the leach solution prior to co-precipitation.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein less than 10% of the doped cathode material precursor has cracks.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein less than 5% of the doped cathode material precursor has cracks.
15 . The method of claim 12 , wherein less than 1% of the doped cathode material precursor has cracks.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the doped cathode material precursor has a BET value that is lower than a BET value of a comparative cathode material precursor prepared without addition of the dopant salt to the leach solution prior to co-precipitation.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the BET value of the doped cathode material precursor is 2-3 times lower than the BET value of the comparative cathode material precursor.
18 . A doped cathode material precursor prepared from a recycled lithium-ion battery stream, comprising a co-precipitated mixture of:
metallic elements in a ratio obtained by leaching a black mass from the recycled lithium-ion battery stream;
additional metal salts provided to adjust the ratio of the metallic elements to a selected ratio; and
one or more dopant salts provided prior to co-precipitation.
19 . The doped cathode material precursor of claim 18 , wherein the dopant salt is a salt comprising a dopant metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Nb, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Zr.
20 . The doped cathode material precursor of claim 19 , wherein the doped cathode material precursor comprises 0.5 to 5000 ppm of the dopant metal.