ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES (IEMS) WITH IONIC LIGAND-METAL COMPLEX GROUPS AND METHODS THEREOF
An ion-exchange membrane including a polymer such as vinylpyridine, styrene, poly(4-vinylpyridine), or a poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) copolymer. The ion-exchange membrane also includes an ionic ligand-metal complex bonded to the vinylpyridine by a coordinate covalent bond. The ionic ligand-metal complex may include nickel-bipyridine. The ion-exchange membrane can be a free-standing membrane.
1 . An ion-exchange membrane, comprising:
a polymer comprising vinylpyridine; and
an ionic ligand-metal complex bonded to the vinylpyridine by a coordinate covalent bond.
2 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 1 , wherein the ionic ligand-metal complex comprises nickel.
3 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 1 , wherein the ionic ligand-metal complex comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, ruthenium, iron, and cobalt.
4 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 1 , wherein the ionic ligand-metal complex comprises bipyridine.
5 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 1 , wherein the ionic ligand-metal complex comprises pyridine, 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, quinoline, 2,2′-biquinoline, 1,10-phenanthroline, 8-hydroquinoline, 8-aminoquinoline, or combinations thereof.
6 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises 4-vinylpyridine.
7 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer further comprises styrene.
8 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer further comprises 4-vinylpyridine and styrene.
9 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 1 , wherein a monomer unit of the polymer to ionic ligand-metal complex molar ratio is from about 100 to 1 to about 10 to 1.
10 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the ion-exchange membrane is from about 250 nm to about 500 μm.
11 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 1 , wherein the ion-exchange membrane has an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of from about 0.25 mEq/g to about 5.00 mEq/g.
12 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 1 , wherein the ion-exchange membrane is free-standing.
13 . An ion-exchange membrane, comprising:
a polymer comprising vinylpyridine and styrene; and
an ionic ligand-metal complex bonded to the polymer by a coordinate covalent bond.
14 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 13 , wherein the ionic ligand-metal complex comprises nickel.
15 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 13 , wherein the ionic ligand-metal complex comprises bipyridine.
16 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 13 , wherein the polymer comprises 4-vinylpyridine and styrene.
17 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 13 , wherein a monomer unit of the polymer to ionic ligand-metal complex molar ratio is from about 100 to 1 to about 10 to 1.
18 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 13 , wherein the ion-exchange membrane has an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of from about 0.25 mEq/g to about 5.00 mEq/g.
19 . An ion-exchange membrane, comprising:
a polymer comprising a poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) copolymer; and
a nickel-bipyridine complex bonded to the polymer by a coordinate covalent bond.
20 . The ion-exchange membrane of claim 19 , wherein the nickel-bipyridine complex is bonded to a 4-vinylpyridine segment of the poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) copolymer by a coordinate covalent bond.