Systems and methods for electric vehicle powertrain thermal management and control
The present disclosure provides a method of managing thermal loads in the powertrain of an electric vehicle and controlling various electronic components of a powertrain thermal management system. The method may include heating a coolant of a powertrain coolant loop utilizing waste heat from a liquid-cooled powertrain component (e.g., an electric motor, a DC-DC converter, etc.), measuring a coolant temperature, and utilizing combined feedforward and feedback control methods for different components (pump(s), radiator fan(s), valve(s)) of the powertrain thermal management system.
1. A method of managing thermal loads in an electric vehicle, the method comprising:
heating a coolant of a powertrain coolant loop utilizing waste heat from at least one of an electric motor or a DC-DC converter;
measuring a first coolant temperature;
measuring a second coolant temperature downstream from the DC-DC converter;
measuring a third coolant temperature downstream from the electric motor;
measuring an ambient air temperature;
calculating a coolant flow rate of the coolant;
calculating a powertrain heat generation;
calculating a feedback portion of a fan speed command using the first coolant temperature;
calculating a feedforward portion of the fan speed command using the ambient air temperature, the coolant flow rate of the coolant, and the powertrain heat generation;
performing a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control using a maximum value of the second coolant temperature and the third coolant temperature to generate a first PID output variable;
calculating a pump speed command using the first PID output variable and at least one of a lookup table or a polynomial expression; and
controlling a fan speed of a radiator fan for the powertrain coolant loop based upon the feedback portion of the fan speed command and the feedforward portion of the fan speed command.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising calculating the feedback portion of the fan speed command using a second PID output variable and at least one of a lookup table or a polynomial expression.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the powertrain heat generation is calculated using a speed of the electric motor and a torque of the electric motor.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the controlling the fan speed comprises sending the fan speed command to the radiator fan, and wherein the fan speed command comprises a sum of the feedback portion of the fan speed command and the feedforward portion of the fan speed command.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the powertrain heat generation is calculated further using a speed of a second electric motor and a torque of the second electric motor.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising sending the pump speed command to a coolant pump to regulate a flow of the coolant.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the powertrain coolant loop comprises a flow split valve, and the method further comprises:
measuring the second coolant temperature at an outlet of the DC-DC converter;
calculating a difference between a DC-DC outlet temperature setpoint and the second coolant temperature to calculate an error value;
performing a PID control using the error value to generate a third PID output variable;
calculating a flow split valve command using the third PID output variable and at least one of a lookup table or a polynomial expression; and
controlling a position of the flow split valve based upon the flow split valve command to regulate a flow of the coolant through the DC-DC converter.