Wide field-of-view polarization switches with liquid crystal optical elements with pretilt
A switchable optical assembly comprises a switchable waveplate configured to be electrically activated and deactivated to selectively alter the polarization state of light incident on the switchable waveplate. The switchable waveplate comprises first and second surfaces and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second surfaces. The liquid crystal layer comprises a plurality of liquid crystal molecules. The first surface and/or the second surface may be planar. The first surface and/or the second surface may be curved. The plurality of liquid crystal molecules may vary in tilt with respect to the first and second surfaces with outward radial distance from an axis through the first and second surfaces and the liquid crystal layer in a plurality of radial directions. The switchable waveplate can include a plurality of electrodes to apply an electrical signal across the liquid crystal layer.
1. A switchable optical assembly comprising:
a switchable waveplate configured to be electrically activated and deactivated to selectively alter the polarization state of light incident thereon, the switchable waveplate comprising:
first and second surfaces;
a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second surfaces, the liquid crystal layer comprising a plurality of liquid crystal molecules that increase in tilt with respect to the first and second surfaces with outward radial distance from an axis through the first and second surfaces and the liquid crystal layer in a plurality of radial directions; and
a plurality of electrodes to apply an electrical signal across the liquid crystal layer,
wherein the plurality of liquid crystal molecules that increase in tilt with respect to the first and second surfaces with outward radial distance from the axis include at least 50% of the molecules extending over a range of at least 1 cm 2 across the liquid crystal layer.
2. The switchable optical assembly of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is a planar surface.
3. The switchable optical assembly of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is a planar surface on a planar substrate.
4. The switchable optical assembly of claim 1 , wherein the axis is normal to the first and second surfaces.
5. The switchable optical assembly of claim 1 , wherein the switchable optical assembly is configured to transmit light to an eye of a viewer, the eye located at a distance from the switchable optical assembly, wherein the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have tilt angles that match respectively the angle of incidence of light propagating along a path to the eye from locations in a field of view of the eye.
6. The switchable optical assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have orientations such that the plurality of liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a rotationally symmetric arrangement about the axis.
7. The switchable optical assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have orientations such that the plurality of liquid crystal molecules have at least 4 fold rotational symmetry about the axis.
8. The switchable optical assembly of claim 1 , wherein the switchable optical assembly further comprises a first waveplate lens comprising another liquid crystal layer, the first waveplate lens having different optical power for different polarizations of light incident thereon, and wherein the switchable optical assembly is configured to be selectively switched between at least two lens states including:
a first lens state configured to have a first optical power; and
a second lens state configured to have a second optical power different than the first optical power.
9. The switchable optical assembly of claim 8 , wherein the second optical power is zero optical power.
10. The switchable optical assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of liquid crystal molecules that increase in tilt with respect to the first and second surfaces with outward radial distance from the axis in a plurality of radial directions include at least 70% of the molecules extending over a range of at least 1 cm 2 across the liquid crystal layer.
11. The switchable optical assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of liquid crystal molecules that increase in tilt with respect to the first and second surfaces with outward radial distance from the axis in a plurality of radial directions include at least 70% of the molecules extending over a range of at least 2 cm 2 across the liquid crystal layer.
12. The switchable optical assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of liquid crystal molecules that increase in tilt with respect to the first and second surfaces with outward radial distance from the axis in a plurality of radial directions include at least 80% of the molecules extending over a range of at least 1 cm 2 across the liquid crystal layer.
13. The switchable optical assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of liquid crystal molecules that increase in tilt with respect to the first and second surfaces with outward radial distance from the axis in a plurality of radial directions include at least 80% of the molecules extending over a range of at least 2 cm 2 across the liquid crystal layer.
14. The switchable optical assembly of claim 1 , wherein the axis is a central axis through the first and second surfaces and the liquid crystal layer.
15. The switchable optical assembly of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surfaces is a curved surface.