DISPERSION OF COMPLEX SCALE BASED ON ELEMENTAL SULFUR IN ACIDIC WATER
Compositions and methods for dispersing complex scale based on elemental sulfur are provided. A method for dispersing elemental sulfur in acidic water includes providing water including elemental sulfur and adding from about 1 to about 100 parts by weight of a sulfur dispersion additive to the water based on one million parts by weight of the water to disperse the elemental sulfur in the water. The sulfur dispersion additive is chosen from a water soluble aromatic surfactant, a lignosulfonate, a naphthalene sulfonate, and combinations thereof.
1 . A method for dispersing complex scale based on elemental sulfur in acidic water comprising:
providing acidic water comprising elemental sulfur; and
adding from about 1 to about 100 parts by weight of a sulfur dispersion additive to the water based on one million parts by weight of the water to disperse the elemental sulfur in the water,
wherein the sulfur dispersion additive is chosen from:
a water-soluble aromatic surfactant,
a lignosulfonate,
a naphthalene sulfonate, and
combinations thereof.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the acidic water has a pH of less than 6.5.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the acidic water is provided at a temperature of from ambient temperature to 150° C.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur dispersion additive is a water soluble aromatic surfactant having at least 2 aromatic rings.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur dispersion additive is an alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate or salt thereof.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate or salt thereof has the following structure:
wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 35 carbon atoms and each X is independently a cation.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur dispersion additive is a lignosulfonate.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the lignosulfonate is a sodium lignosulfonate or an ammonium lignosulfonate.
9 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the lignosulfonate is provided in a product having a sugar impurity content of no more than 25%, as measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
10 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the lignosulfonate is provided in a product having a sulfur content of no more than 10%.
11 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the lignosulfonate is provided in a product having a sugar impurity content of no more than 20% and has a sulfur content of at least 5%.
12 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the lignosulfonate is provided in a product having a sugar impurity content of no more than 6% and has a sulfur content of at least 4%.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur dispersion additive is a naphthalene sulfonate.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of adding creates a mixture that has a turbidity of at least 10 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) in excess of a turbidity of an untreated sample of the acidic water comprising elemental sulfur without the sulfur dispersion additive.
15 . A sulfur dispersing composition comprising:
acidic water;
elemental sulfur; and
a sulfur dispersion additive chosen from:
a water soluble aromatic surfactant,
a lignosulfonate,
a naphthalene sulfonate, and
combinations thereof,
wherein the sulfur dispersion additive is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 100 parts by weight per one million parts by weight of the composition.
16 . The sulfur dispersing composition of claim 15 , wherein the elemental sulfur is present in an amount of no more than 100 parts by weight per one million parts by weight of the water.
17 . The sulfur dispersing composition of claim 15 , further comprising an iron-hydroxysulfate mineral.
18 . The sulfur dispersing composition of claim 15 , wherein the sulfur dispersion additive is a water soluble aromatic surfactant.
19 . The sulfur dispersing composition of claim 15 , wherein the sulfur dispersion additive is a lignosulfonate.
20 . The sulfur dispersing composition of claim 15 , wherein the sulfur dispersion additive is a naphthalene sulfonate.