DISPLAY SYSTEM WITH OPTICAL ELEMENTS FOR IN-COUPLING MULTIPLEXED LIGHT STREAMS
Architectures are provided for optical devices such as waveguides including structures that are configured to selectively in-couple one or more streams of light from a multiplexed light stream into the waveguide. The multiplexed light stream can include light with different characteristics (e.g., different wavelengths and/or different polarizations). The waveguide can comprise one or more in-coupling elements that can selectively couple one or more streams of light from the multiplexed light stream into the waveguide while transmitting, e.g., without in-coupling, one or more other streams of light from the multiplexed light stream.
1 . A waveguide comprising:
a transparent substrate; and
one or more in-coupling optical elements that are formed on or in the substrate, the one or more in-coupling optical elements arranged to receive, and couple into the waveguide, at least a portion of a multiplexed light stream that includes a first light stream having at least one first light property and a second light stream having at least one second light property that is different from the at least one first light property,
wherein the at least one first light property includes a first range of wavelengths and the at least one second light property includes a second range of wavelengths that is different from the first range of wavelengths,
wherein the one or more in-coupling optical elements are configured to selectively in-couple, into the waveguide, the first light stream having the first light property while being transmissive to the second light stream having the second light property, and
wherein the one or more in-coupling optical elements comprise one or more Pancharatnam-Berry Phase Effect (PB PE) structures that are configured to selectively redirect, into the waveguide, incident light having the first light property independently of a polarization of the incident light.
2 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first light property further includes a first polarization state and the at least one second light property further includes a second polarization state that is different from the first polarization state.
3 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide is configured to output light with a level of wavefront curvature.
4 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the one or more in-coupling optical elements are switchable between transmissive and actively light redirecting states.
5 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the one or more in-coupling optical elements are formed on a surface of the waveguide.
6 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the one or more in-coupling optical elements are formed in the waveguide.
7 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the one or more in-coupling optical elements are formed in in a layer of material that is on a surface of the substrate.
8 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the first light stream and the second light stream are incident on the one or more in-coupling optical elements substantially simultaneously.
9 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the first light stream and the second light stream are incident on the one or more in-coupling optical elements at different times.
10 . The waveguide of claim 1 , further comprising one or more out-coupling elements configured to output, from the waveguide, at least a portion of the in-coupled light that is propagating in the waveguide.
11 . The waveguide of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of an exit pupil expander or an orthogonal pupil expander configured to increase dimensions of an eye box.
12 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the one or more in-coupling optical elements comprise a liquid crystal material.
13 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a glass material.
14 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a polymer material.
15 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the one or more PBPE structures have a feature size between about 20 nanometers and about 1 micron.
16 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the one or more PBPE structures have a feature size between about 10 nanometers and about 200 nanometers.
17 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the one or more PBPE structures have a feature size between about 10 nanometers and about 800 nanometers.
18 . The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the one or more in-coupling optical elements include multiple layers each configured to redirect, into the waveguide, incident light having a different subset of wavelengths.