Catalytic antibodies as chemical sensors
A system for detecting physical or chemical changes in an environment is disclosed. The system comprises means for conducting a chemical reaction; an active biological molecule whose physiological function is noncatalytic which is capable of catalyzing a chemical reaction wherein at least one reactant is converted to one product; and means for sensing and processing information relating to changes in said environment. A method for detecting physical or chemical changes in an environment is also disclosed.
1. A method for detecting an analyte of interest in an environment wherein the analyte is consumed or generated during the course of a chemical reaction, which method comprises:
(a) contacting said analyte of interest to bind to a catalytic monoclonal antibody or fragment thereof immobilized on a surface of, or on a surface associated with, a sensing means, said catalytic monoclonal antibody or fragment thereof being capable of catalyzing a chemical reaction whereby said chemical reaction occurs in said environment, wherein at least one reactant is converted to at least one product and thereby forming an antibody-reactant complex, catalytically converting said complexed reactant to said product and releasing said product from said complex, thereby regenerating said antibody or fragment;
(b) detecting by the sensing means the binding of the analyte of the catalytic monoclonal antibody and transducing information related to said binding by a transducer;
(c) processing the information generated by the transducer; and
(d) releasing the analyte from the antibody by catalyzing a reaction of said analyte and thereby detecting the analyte of interest in the environment.
2. The method of claim 1 , which further comprises releasing the analyte from the catalytic monoclonal antibody or fragment in the same environment in which the binding of the analyte to the antibody or fragment took place.
3. The method of claim 1 , which further comprises releasing the analyte from the catalytic monoclonal antibody or fragment by removing the analyte-antibody complex to a second environment, said environment being conducive to a chemical reaction which the catalytic monoclonal antibody or fragment thereof catalyzes.