Inhibition of lymphocyte adherence with CS-1-peptides and fragments thereof
The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting the adhesion of one cell to another comprising interfering with the interaction between the extracellular matrix receptor and its ligand. The invention is based upon the discovery that the α4β1 extracellular matrix receptor promotes adhesion of lymphocytes to endothelial cells via attachment to a defined peptide sequence. Prior to the present invention, the ligand of the α4β1 receptor had not been identified, nor had the function of the α4β1 receptor in lymphocyte attachment been known. By preventing the interaction between the α4β1 receptor and its ligands using antibodies or defined peptide sequences, the present invention enables, for the first time, specific intervention in the migration of lymphocytes through the vascular endothelium and into tissues. The present invention, therefore, has particular clinical utility in suppression of the immune response; in various specific embodiments of the invention, the adherence of lymphocytes to endothelium may be inhibited systemically, or may, alternatively, be localized to particular tissues or circumscribed areas. Accordingly, the present invention provides for treatment of diseases involving autoimmune responses as well as other chronic or relapsing activations of the immune system, including allergy, asthma, and chronic inflammatory skin conditions.
1. A method for inhibiting the adherence of lymphocytes to cytokine activated endothelial cells comprising exposing the lymphocytes to an effective amount of a peptide that binds to α 4 β 1 , the peptide consisting of from three to about twelve contiguous amino acid residues of the CS-1 region of fibronectin, and wherein said peptide comprises the amino acid sequence Leu Asp Val (SEQ ID NO: 3).
2. The method of claim 1 in which the peptide is conjugated to an antibody targeted toward endothelial cells.
3. The method according to claim 1 in which the peptide comprises at least the sequence Glu Ile Leu Asp Val Pro Ser Thr (SEQ ID NO:6).
4. The method according to claim 1 in which the peptide comprises at least the sequence Glu Ile Leu Asp Val (SEQ ID NO:14).
5. The method according to claim 1 in which the peptide comprises at least the sequence Leu Asp Val Pro Ser Thr (SEQ ID NO:11).
6. The method according to claim 1 in which the peptide comprises at least the sequence Leu Asp Val (SEQ ID NO:3).
7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective concentration of a peptide which binds to α 4 β 1 and which inhibits the adherence of lymphocytes to cytokine activated endothelial cells, in a pharmacologically suitable carrier, the peptide consisting of from three to about twelve contiguous amino acid residues of the CS-1 region of fibronectin, and wherein said peptide comprises the amino acid sequence Leu Asp Val (SEQ ID NO: 3).
8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7 in which the peptide comprises the sequence Glu Ile Leu Asp Val Pro Ser Thr (SEQ ID NO:6).
9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7 in which the peptide comprises the sequence Glu Ile Leu Asp Val (SEQ ID NO:14).
10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7 in which the peptide comprises the sequence Leu Asp Val Pro Ser Thr (SEQ ID NO:11).
11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7 in which the peptide comprises the sequence Leu Asp Val (SEQ ID NO:3).
12. A method of preventing lymphocyte migration into tissues comprising administering an effective amount of a peptide binding to α 4 β 1 in a pharmacologically suitable carrier, which prevents lymphocyte adhesion to cytokine activated endothelial cells, to a subject in need of such treatment, the peptide consisting of from three to about twelve contiguous amino acid residues of the CS-1 region of fibronectin, and wherein said peptide comprises the amino acid sequence Leu Asp Val (SEQ ID NO: 3).
13. The method according to claim 12 in which the peptide comprises the sequence Glu Ile Leu Asp Val Pro Ser Thr (SEQ ID NO:6).
14. The method according to claim 12 in which the peptide comprises the sequence Glu Ile Leu Asp Val (SEQ ID NO:14).
15. The method according to claim 12 in which the peptide comprises the sequence Leu Asp Val Pro Ser Thr (SEQ ID NO:11).
16. The method according to claim 12 in which the peptide sequence comprises the sequence Leu Asp Val (SEQ ID NO:3).