Treatment and diagnosis of infertility using TGFβ or activin
A method of treating an infertility condition in humans or mammals, by exposure of a prospective mother to TGF beta or derivative or analog of TGF beta. The exposure is advantageously in conjunction with one more antigens of a prospective father so that a hyporesponsive immune reaction is mounted to the one or more antigens of the prospective father.
1. A method of treating recurrent miscarriage by inducing immune tolerance to a paternal antigen in a mammalian prospective mother lacking said immune tolerance, said method comprising exposing a mucosal surface of said prospective mother to:
a) semen or an MHC Class I antigen of a prospective father capable of eliciting a Th-1 response; and
b) substantially purified TGFβ selected from the group consisting of TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3,
wherein the exposure is at a time and in an amount effective to induce said immune tolerance and is at least one week before attempted conception.
2. A method of treating recurrent miscarriage by inducing immune tolerance to a paternal antigen in a mammalian prospective mother lacking said immune tolerance, said method comprising exposing a muscosal surface of said prospective mother to:
a) semen or an MHC Class I antigen of a prospective father capable of eliciting a Th-1 response; and
b) a substantially purified TFGβ selected from the group consisting of TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3,
wherein the exposure is at time and in an amount effective to induce said immune tolerance and is performed over a period spanning at least three months prior to attempted conception.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the prospective mother and father are both human.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the TGFβ and the semen or MHC Class I antigens are administered at one site.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the TGFβ and the semen or MHC Class I antigen are respectively administered at a first site and a different site.
6. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the TGFβ and the semen or MHC Class I antigen are administered temporally spaced apart.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the semen or MHC Class I antigen is administered subsequent to an administration of TGFβ.
8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the semen or MHC Class I antigen is administered first followed by administration of TGFβ.
9. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the MHC Class I antigen is from sperm cells of the prospective father.
10. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the semen or MHC Class I antigen is presented in purified or semi-purified form.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the purified or semi-purified semen or MHC Class I antigen is presented on an inert or adjuvant carrier.
12. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the TGFβ is supplied in a slow release form.
13. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the exposure of the semen or MHC Class I antigen is to the prospective mother's genital tract in the form of the prospective father's ejaculate.
14. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the mucosal surface is selected from the group comprising of an oral mucosal surface, a respiratory mucosal surface, a gastrointestinal mucosal surface and a genital mucosal surface.
15. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the mucosal surface is a genital mucosal surface.
16. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the mucosal surface is exposed to a concentration of TGFβ of 100 ng/ml.
17. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the mucosal surface is exposed to a concentration of TGFβ of 200 ng/ml.
18. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein TGFβ is administered in its active form.
19. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the prospective mother is incapable of converting a sufficient amount of the inactive form of TGFβ to active TGFβ, and the method includes administration of active TGFβ.
20. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the prospective mother is incapable of converting the inactive form of TGFβ to active TGFβ, and the method includes administration of plasmin, so as to increase the level of active TGFβ.
21. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the prospective mother and father are human and the exposure to TGFβ and the semen or MHC Class I antigen of the prospective father is a multiple exposure.
22. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein administration of TGFβ and the semen or MHC Class I antigen occurs at least once after attempted conception.
23. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , further including a step, prior to exposure to antigens and TGFβ, of diagnosing or testing whether
(a) the prospective father has adequate levels of TGFβ;
(b) the prospective mother has the capacity to activate TGFβ, or
(c) anti-sperm antibodies are present in the prospective mother.
24. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , used in conjunction with IVF treatment.
25. The method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the exposure continues over a period of the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
26. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the mucosal surface is exposed to a concentration of TGFβ of between 100 and 400 ng/ml.
27. The method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the mucosal surface is exposed to a concentration of TGFβ of between 100 and 400 ng/mL, with a total of between 100 to 200 ng.