Solid-state logarithmic image sensing device
In a solid-state image-sensing device, after completion of image sensing by individual pixels, in each pixel, a signal φVRB fed to a capacitor C 1 connected to the gate of a first MOS transistor T 1 is turned to a high level to make it easy for a negative electric charge to flow into the MOS transistor T 1 . This permits quick recombination of the positive electric charges accumulated at the drain and gate of the MOS transistor T 1 , at the gate of a MOS transistor T 2 , at the anode of a photodiode, and in a capacitor C 2 , and thereby makes quick resetting possible.
1. An image-sensing apparatus comprising:
a plurality of pixels, the pixels each including:
a photodiode, having two electrodes, that produces an electric signal in accordance with amount of incident light;
a first MOS transistor having a first electrode and a gate electrode connected to one electrode of the photodiode and a second electrode; and
a second MOS transistor having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a gate electrode connected to the first and gate electrodes of the first MOS transistor;
a third MOS transistor having a first electrode to which a direct-current voltage is applied, a second electrode, and a gate electrode connected to the second electrode of the second MOS transistor, the third MOS transistor amplifying a signal output from the second electrode of the second MOS transistor;
a fourth MOS transistor having a first electrode connected to the second electrode of the third MOS transistor, a second electrode connected to an output signal line, and a gate electrode connected to a line select line; and
a controller that makes the individual pixels perform image sensing in such a way that the electric signal output from the photodiode is converted natural-logarithmically by feeding a first voltage to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor so as to make the first MOS transistor operate in a subthreshold region below a threshold value thereof, wherein the controller resets the individual pixels by, in each pixel, feeding a second voltage to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor so as to permit a larger current to flow through the first MOS transistor than before feeding the second voltage thereto, and
a capacitor having one end connected to the second electrode of the second MOS transistor, the capacitor being reset through the second MOS transistor when a reset voltage is fed to the first electrode of the second MOS transistor.
2. An image-sensing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:
MOS transistors connected to the individual pixels by way of output signal lines so as to serve as load resistors or constant-current sources.
3. An image-sensing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 ,
wherein the pixels each further include a fifth MOS transistor having a first electrode connected to the second electrode of the second MOS transistor, a second electrode to which a direct-current voltage is applied, and a gate electrode;
wherein the capacitor can be reset through the fifth MOS transistor when a reset voltage is fed to the gate electrode of the fifth MOS transistor.
4. An image-sensing apparatus comprising:
a plurality of pixels, the pixels each including:
a photodiode, having two electrodes, that produces an electric signal in accordance with amount of incident light;
a first MOS transistor having a first electrode and a gate electrode connected to one electrode of the photodiode and a second electrode; and
a second MOS transistor having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a gate electrode connected to the first and gate electrodes of the first MOS transistor;
a third MOS transistor having a first electrode to which a direct-current voltage is applied, a second electrode, and a gate electrode connected to the second electrode of the second MOS transistor, the third MOS transistor amplifying a signal output from the second electrode of the second MOS transistor;
a fourth MOS transistor having a first electrode connected to the second electrode of the third MOS transistor, a second electrode connected to an output signal line, and a gate electrode connected to a line select line;
a capacitor having one end connected to the second electrode of the second MOS transistor; and
a controller that makes the individual pixels perform image sensing in such a way that the electric signal output from the photodiode is converted natural-logarithmically by feeding a first voltage to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor so as to make the first MOS transistor operate in a subthreshold region below a threshold value thereof,
wherein the controller resets the individual pixels by, in each pixel, feeding a second voltage to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor so as to permit a larger current to flow through the first MOS transistor than before feeding the second voltage thereto.
5. An image-sensing apparatus as claimed in claim 4 ,
wherein the first, second, third and fourth MOS transistors are N-channel MOS transistors.
6. An image-sensing apparatus as claimed in claim 4 ,
wherein the first, second, third and fourth MOS transistors are P-channel MOS transistors.
7. An image-sensing apparatus comprising:
a plurality of pixels, the pixels each including:
a photosensitive element, having two electrodes, that produces an electric signal in accordance with amount of incident light;
a first MOS transistor having a first electrode and a gate electrode connected to one electrode of the photosensitive element and a second electrode; and
a second MOS transistor having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a gate electrode connected to the first and gate electrodes of the first MOS transistor;
a third MOS transistor having a first electrode to which a direct-current voltage is applied, a second electrode, and a gate electrode connected to the second electrode of the second MOS transistor, the third MOS transistor amplifying a signal output from the second electrode of the second MOS transistor;
a fourth MOS transistor having a first electrode connected to the second electrode of the third MOS transistor, a second electrode connected to an output signal line, and a gate electrode connected to a line select line;
a capacitor having one end connected to the second electrode of the second MOS transistor; and
a controller that makes the individual pixels perform image sensing in such a way that the electric signal output from the photosensitive element is converted natural-logarithmically by feeding a first voltage to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor so as to make the first MOS transistor operate in a subthreshold region below a threshold value thereof,
wherein the controller resets the individual pixels by, in each pixel, feeding a second voltage to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor so as to permit a larger current to flow through the first MOS transistor than before feeding the second voltage thereto.
8. An image-sensing apparatus as claimed in claim 7 , further comprising:
load resistors or constant-current sources connected to the output signal line, a total number of the load resistors or constant-current sources being smaller than a total number of the pixels.
9. An image-sensing apparatus as claimed in claim 8 ,
wherein the load resistors or constant-current sources each comprise a resistive transistor having a first electrode connected to the output signal line and a second electrode and a control electrode connected to a direct-current voltage.
10. An image-sensing apparatus as claimed in claim 9 ,
wherein the third transistor is an N-channel MOS transistor, and
wherein a direct-current voltage applied to a first electrode of the third transistor is higher than the direct-current voltage applied to the second electrode of the resistive transistor.
11. An image-sensing apparatus as claimed in claim 9 ,
wherein the amplifying transistor is a P-channel MOS transistor; and
wherein a direct-current voltage applied to a first electrode of the amplifying transistor is lower than the direct-current voltage applied to the second electrode of the resistive transistor.