Compositions comprising purified 2-methoxyestradiol and methods of producing same
2-methoxyestradiol having greater than 98% purity is obtained by synthetic or purification methods. This highly pure 2-methoxy estradiol, lacking estrogenic components, is particularly suitable for clinical use in humans. The purification methods of the invention involve the use of liquid-solid chromatography (LSC) to separate 2-ME2 from other compounds. The chromatographic media is preferably silica. The solvent system comprises a non-polar solvent, such as chloroform, and a polar solvent, such as methanol.
1. A pharmaceutical composition being substantially free of steroid contaminants having estrogenic or carcinogenic effects comprising 2-methoxyestradiol having a purity greater than 99.5% as determined by HPLC.
2. The composition of claim 1 , containing less than 0.03% estradiol and less than 0.02% estrone.
3. The composition of claim 2 , containing less than 0.01% estradiol and less than 0.01% estrone.
4. The composition of claim 2 , further containing less than 0.02% 2-hydroxyestradiol.
5. The composition of claim 2 , further containing less than 0.02% 4-hydroxyestradiol.
6. The composition of claim 2 , further containing less than 0.02% 4-methoxyestradiol.
7. The composition of claim 1 , containing 0.01% or less estradiol, 0.02% or less 2-hydroxyestradiol, 0.01% or less 4-hydroxyestradiol, 0.01% or less 4-methoxyestradiol and 0.01% or less estrone.
8. A pharmaceutical composition being substantially free of steroid contaminants having estrogenic or carcinogenic effects comprising 2-methoxyestradiol having a purity greater than 98.0% and containing less than 0.03% estradiol and less than 0.02% estrone.
9. The composition of claim 8 , containing less than 0.01% estradiol and less than 0.01% estrone.
10. The composition of claim 8 , containing 0.01% or less estradiol, 0.02% or less 2-hydroxyestradiol, 0.01% or less 4-hydroxyestradiol, 0.01% or less 4-methoxyestradiol and 0.01% or less estrone.
11. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the 2-methoxyestradiol has a purity greater than 99.0%.
12. The composition of claim 11 , containing less than 0.01% estradiol and less than 0.01% estrone.
13. The composition of claim 11 , containing 0.01% or less estradiol, 0.02% or less 2-hydroxyestradiol, 0.01% or less 4-hydroxyestradiol, 0.01% or less 4-methoxyestradiol and 0.01% or less estrone.
14. A method for purifying 2-methoxyestradiol to a produce a 2-methoxyestradiol substantially free of steroid contaminants having estrogenic or carcinogenic effects and having a purity greater than 98% and containing less than 0.03% estradiol and less than 0.02% estrone comprising:
adding a solution comprising 2-methoxyestradiol to a chromatography medium; and
eluting the 2-methoxyestradiol off of the medium with a solvent system comprising a polar solvent and a non-polar solvent.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the medium is silica and wherein the 2-methoxyestradiol is eluted using a step gradient of 99:1 CHCl 3 :MeOH to 98:2 CHCl 3 :MeOH.
16. A method for producing 2-methoxyestradiol substantially free of steroid contaminants having estrogenic or carcinogenic effects and having a purity greater than 98% and containing less than 0.03% estradiol and less than 0.02% estrone comprising:
protecting the 3- and 17-hydroxyl groups of estradiol;
reacting the protected estradiol with bromine and acetic acid to produce a 2-brominated derivative of estradiol;
reacting the 2-brominated derivative of estradiol with sodium methoxide in the presence of a copper catalyst;
removing the protecting groups on the 3- and 17-hydroxyl groups to produce 2-methoxyestradiol; and
purifying the 2-methoxyestradiol using liquid chromatography on an adsorption/partition medium with a solvent system comprising a polar and a nonpolar solvent.
17. A method for producing 2-methoxyestradiol substantially free of steroid contaminants having estrogenic or carcinogenic effects and having a purity greater than 98% and containing less than 0.03% estradiol and less than 0.02% estrone comprising:
ring-brominating estradiol by reacting estradiol with bromine in the presence of acetic acid to produce a ring-brominated intermediate;
reacting the ring-brominated intermediate with sodium methoxide in the present of a copper catalyst to produce 2-methoxyestradiol; and
purifying the 2-methoxyestradiol using liquid chromatography on an adsorption/partition medium with a solvent system comprising a polar and a nonpolar solvent.
18. A method for producing 2-methoxyestradiol substantially free of steroid contaminants having estrogenic or carcinogenic effects and having a purity greater than 98% and containing less than 0.03% estradiol and less than 0.02% estrone comprising:
protecting the 3- and 17-hydroxyl groups of estradiol;
reacting the protected estradiol with nitric acid and acetic acid to produce a 2-nitro derivative of estradiol;
reducing the 2-nitro derivative of estradiol to produce the corresponding 2-amino derivative of estradiol;
reacting the 2-amino derivative of estradiol under Sandmeyer conditions to produce a 3-,17-hydroxyl protected 2-methoxyestradiol; and
removing the protecting groups on the 3- and 17-hydroxyl groups to produce 2-methoxyestradiol.
19. A method for producing 2-methoxyestradiol substantially free of steroid contaminants having estrogenic or carcinogenic effects and having a purity greater than 98% and containing less than 0.03% estradiol and less than 0.02% estrone comprising:
protecting the 3-hydroxyl group of estrone;
reacting the protected estrone with nitric acid and acetic acid to produce a 2-nitro derivative of estrone;
reducing the 2-nitro derivative of estrone to produce the corresponding 2-amino derivative of estrone;
reacting the 2-amino derivative of estrone under Sandmeyer conditions to produce a 3-hydroxyl protected 2-methoxyestrone;
removing the protecting group on the 3-hydroxyl group to produce 2-methoxyestrone; and
reducing the 17-keto group of 2-methoxyestrone to produce 2-methoxyestradiol.
20. A method for producing 2-methoxyestradiol substantially free of steroid contaminants having estrogenic or carcinogenic effects and having a purity greater than 98% and containing less than 0.03% estradiol and less than 0.02% estrone comprising:
brominating estradiol in the presence of acetic acid to produce a mixture of ring-brominated estradiols;
isolating 2-bromoestradiol from the mixture of estradiols; and
reacting the 2-bromoestradiol with sodium methoxide in the presence of a copper catalyst to produce 2-methoxyestradiol.
21. A pharmaceutical composition being substantially free of steroid contaminants having estrogenic or carcinogenic effects comprising 2-methoxyestradiol having a purity greater than 98% and containing less than 0.03% estradiol and less than 0.02% estrone produced by the process comprising:
protecting the 3- and 17-hydroxyl groups of estradiol;
reacting the protected estradiol with bromine and acetic acid to produce a 2-brominated derivative of estradiol;
reacting the 2-brominated derivative of estradiol with sodium methoxide in the presence of a copper catalyst;
removing the protecting groups on the 3- and 17-hydroxyl groups to produce 2-methoxyestradiol; and
purifying the 2-methoxyestradiol using liquid chromatography on an adsorption/partition medium with a solvent system comprising a polar and a nonpolar solvent.
22. A pharmaceutical composition being substantially free of steroid contaminants having estrogenic or carcinogenic effects comprising 2-methoxyestradiol having a purity greater than 98% and containing less than 0.03% estradiol and less than 0.02% estrone produced by the process comprising:
ring-brominating estradiol by reacting estradiol with bromine in the presence of acetic acid to produce a ring-brominated intermediate;
reacting the ring-brominated intermediate with sodium methoxide in the presence of a copper catalyst to produce 2-methoxyestradiol; and
purifying the 2-methoxyestradiol using liquid chromatography on an adsorption/partition medium with a solvent system comprising a polar and a nonpolar solvent.
23. A pharmaceutical composition being substantially free of steroid contaminants having estrogenic or carcinogenic effects comprising 2-methoxyestradiol having a purity greater than 98% and containing less than 0.03% estradiol and less than 0.02% estrone produced by the process comprising:
protecting the 3- and 17-hydroxyl groups of estradiol;
reacting the protected estradiol with nitric acid and acetic acid to produce a 2-nitro derivative of estradiol;
reducing the 2-nitro derivative of estradiol to produce the corresponding 2-amino derivative of estradiol;
reacting the 2-amino derivative of estradiol under Sandmeyer conditions to produce a 3-,17-hydroxyl protected 2-methoxyestradiol; and
removing the protecting groups on the 3- and 17-hydroxyl groups to produce 2-methoxyestradiol.
24. A pharmaceutical composition being substantially free of steroid contaminants having estrogenic or carcinogenic effects comprising 2-methoxyestradiol having a purity greater than 98% and containing less than 0.03% estradiol and less than 0.02% estrone produced by the process comprising:
protecting the 3-hydroxyl group of estrone;
reacting the protected estrone with nitric acid and acetic acid to produce a 2-nitro derivative of estrone;
reducing the 2-nitro derivative of estrone to produce the corresponding 2-amino derivative of estrone;
reacting the 2-amino derivative of estrone under Sandmeyer conditions to produce a 3-hydroxyl protected 2-methoxyestrone;
removing the protecting group on the 3-hydroxyl group to produce 2-methoxyestrone; and
reducing the 17-keto group of 2-methoxyestrone to produce 2-methoxyestradiol.
25. A pharmaceutical composition being substantially free of steroid contaminants having estrogenic or carcinogenic effects comprising 2-methoxyestradiol having a purity greater than 98% and containing less than 0.03% estradiol and less than 0.02% estrone produced by the process comprising:
brominating estradiol in the presence of acetic acid to produce a mixture of ring-brominated estradiols;
isolating 2-bromoestradiol from the mixture of estradiols; and
reacting the 2-bromoestradiol with sodium methoxide in the presence of a copper catalyst to produce 2-methoxyestradiol.