Generation of immune response to prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
We have discovered that by using a recombinant viral vector, preferably a pox virus vector having at least one insertion site containing a DNA segment encoding prostate-specific antigen (PSA), operably linked to a promoter capable of expression in the host, a specific humoral and cellular immune response to PSA can be generated. The method preferably comprises introducing a sufficient amount of the recombinant pox virus vector into a host to stimulate the immune response, and contacting the host with additional PSA at periodic intervals thereafter. The additional PSA may be added by using a second pox virus vector from a different pox genus. In another embodiment, additional PSA can be added by contacting the host with PSA by a variety of other methods, including in one preferred embodiment adding PSA. The PSA may be formulated with an adjuvant or in a liposomal formulation.
1. A method for generating a cytotoxic T-cell eliciting immune response to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a human host, comprising administering to the host a first pox virus vector to stimulate an immune response, wherein the first pox virus vector has at least one insertion site containing a DNA segment encoding PSA or a cytotoxic T-cell eliciting epitope thereof operably linked to a promoter such that the DNA segment is expressed to produce PSA or the cytotoxic T-cell eliciting epitope thereof in the host in a sufficient amount to generate a cytotoxic T-cell eliciting immune response, and then administering an additional PSA or T-cell eliciting epitope thereof in a manner selected from the group consisting of in a second pox virus vector, in a formulation with an adjuvant, with a cytokine, with a co-stimulatory molecule, in a liposomal formulation, and a combination thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pox virus vector is selected from the group of pox viruses consisting of suipox, avipox, and capripox virus.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the avipox is fowlpox, canary pox or pigeon pox.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of RIBI Detox, QS21 and incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cytokine is selected from the group consisting of IL-2, IL-6, or IL-12.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the costimulatory molecule is selected from the group consisting of B7.1 or B7.2.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering to the host additional cytokine or co-stimulatory molecule.
8. The method of claim 1 or 7 , wherein the cytokine or co-stimulatory molecule is administered in a manner selected from the group consisting essentially the first pox virus, the second pox virus, systemically, and combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises administering additional PSA or a cytotoxic T-cell eliciting epitope thereof in a second pox virus, and the second pox virus vector is from a genus other than the first pox virus vector.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first pox virus is selected from the group of pox viruses consisting of suipox, avipox, capripox, and orthopox.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first pox virus vector is vaccinia and the second pox virus vector is avipox.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the avipox is fowlpox.
13. The method of claim 1 , the second administration is about 1 month to about 3 months after the first administration.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second administration is about one month after the first administration.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second administration is about 2 months after the first administration.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second administration is about 3 months after the first administration.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first pox virus vector is administered via a route selected from the group consisting of intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and intraperitoneal administration.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second pox virus vector is administered via a route selected from the group consisting of intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and intraperitoneal administration.