Genetically engineered rabies recombinant vaccine for immunization of stray dogs and wildlife
Live, attenuated recombinant rabies virus vaccines are generated using reverse genetics to combine the antigenic determinants that render the rabies virus non-pathogenic with the determinants that are responsible for the elicitation of an effective anti-rabies immune response. These vaccines do not affect the antigenic, and therefore the immunogenic, properties of the virus. The present invention further relates to recombinant rabies virus vaccines that express a pro-apoptotic protein, such as cytochrome c, to increase the capacity to induce apoptosis, thereby enhancing the protective immunity against rabies. This new generation of live rabies virus vaccines represents a safe and effective approach to the eradication of rabies in wildlife, and subsequently humans and livestock.
1. A vaccine comprising a non-neuroinvasive rabies virus wherein a glycoprotein gene of said non-neuroinvasive rabies virus is replaced with a glycoprotein gene of a neuroinvasive rabies virus to produce an attenuated recombinant rabies virus for vaccination.
2. The vaccine of claim 1 wherein said vaccination comprises an oral vaccination.
3. The vaccine of claim 1 wherein said attenuated recombinant rabies virus slows down an uptake of a rabies virus into a cell.
4. The vaccine of claim 3 wherein said cell is a neuron.
5. The vaccine of claim 1 wherein said glycoprotein gene of a neuroinvasive rabies virus comprises a glycoprotein gene encoding a cytoplasmic tail from a heterologous glycoprotein gene.
6. A vaccine comprising a rabies virus wherein a cytochrome c gene is inserted into said rabies virus such that cytochrome c is expressed from said cytochrome c gene to produce a recombinant rabies virus for vaccination.
7. The vaccine of claim 6 wherein said vaccination is an oral vaccination.
8. The vaccine of claim 6 wherein said cytochrome c induces an acceleration of apoptosis.
9. The vaccine of claim 8 wherein said acceleration of apoptosis enhances an immune response against said rabies virus.
10. The vaccine of claim 6 wherein said recombinant rabies virus vaccine attenuates the pathogenicity of a rabies virus.
11. A vaccine comprising a rabies virus wherein a cytochrome c gene is inserted into said rabies virus such that cytochrome c is expressed and further wherein a glycoprotein gene of said rabies virus is replaced with a glycoprotein gene of a neuroinvasive rabies virus to produce an attenuated recombinant rabies virus for vaccination.
12. The vaccine of claim 11 wherein said vaccination is an oral vaccination.
13. The vaccine of claim 11 wherein said glycoprotein gene of a neuroinvasive rabies virus comprises a glycoprotein gene encoding a cytoplasmic tail from a heterologous glycoprotein gene.
14. The vaccine of claim 11 wherein said glycoprotein gene of a neuroinvasive rabies virus comprises a change in an amino acid.
15. The vaccine of claim 11 wherein said cytochrome c induces an acceleration of apoptosis.
16. The vaccine of claim 15 wherein said acceleration of apoptosis enhances an immune response against said rabies virus.