Reduced sensitivity, melt-pourable TNT replacements
This melt-pourable explosive composition shares explosive properties comparable to those of trinitrotoluene and is melt-pourable and castable under conditions comparable to those of trinitrotoluene, but experiences equal or less impact, shock, and thermal sensitivity and avoids the issues of toxicity associated with trinitrotoluene. Trinitrotoluene is replaced with one or more mononitro aromatic and/or dinitro aromatic melt-pourable binders, such as dinitroanisole, which can be melt poured without presenting the toxicity drawbacks experienced with the use of TNT. The melt-pourable binder can also be combined with a processing aid selected from the group consisting of alkylnitroanilines and arylnitroanilines. The composition also includes oxidizer particles, which are preferably inorganic oxidizer particles.
1. A melt-pourable explosive composition comprising:
30 weight percent to 70 weight percent of at least one organic binder selected from the group consisting of mononitro aromatics and dinitro aromatics, the at least one organic binder collectively exhibiting a total energy of detonation lower than trinitrotoluene and collectively having a total melting point in a range of 80° C. to 115° C.; and
30 weight percent to 70 weight percent of at least one oxidizer,
wherein the melt-pourable explosive composition is pourable at a temperature in a range of 80° C. to 115° C., and
wherein at least 95 weight percent of the melt-pourable explosive composition comprises a combination of the at least one organic binder and the at least one oxidizer.
2. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises at least one mononitro aromatic compound and at least one dinitro aromatic compound.
3. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein the mononitro aromatics each comprise one nitrocarbon moiety and wherein the dinitro aromatics each comprise two nitrocarbon moieties.
4. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of mononitro-substituted and dinitro-substituted phenyl alkyl ethers.
5. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dinitroanisole, 2,4-dinitrophenetole, and 4-methoxy-2-nitrophenol.
6. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises 2,4-dinitroanisole.
7. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises an N-alkyl-nitroaniline processing aid.
8. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises N-methyl-nitroaniline as a processing aid.
9. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises at least one processing aid selected from the group consisting of N-alkyl nitroaniline and N-aryl-nitroaniline, the at least one processing aid accounting for not more than 1 weight percent of the melt-pourable explosive composition.
10. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein the melt-pourable explosive composition undergoes an onset of thermal decomposition at a temperature that is at least 55.5° C. higher than the temperature at which the melt-pourable explosive composition becomes pourable.
11. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein the melt-pourable explosive composition exhibits a card gap value of less than 121.
12. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein the melt-pourable explosive composition exhibits a card gap value of less than 101.
13. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein the melt-pourable explosive composition exhibits a dent depth in a range of 0.754 cm to 0.922 cm.
14. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein the melt-pourable explosive composition has a total energy of detonation of 7.1 kJ/cc to 8.7 kJ/cc.
15. A melt-pourable explosive composition comprising:
30 weight percent to 70 weight percent of at least one organic binder selected from the group consisting of mononitro aromatics and dinitro aromatics, the at least one organic binder collectively exhibiting a total energy detonation lower than trinitrotoluene and collectively having a total melting point in a range of 80° C. to 115° C.; and
30 weight percent to 70 weight percent of at least one inorganic oxidizer,
wherein the melt-pourable explosive composition is pourable at a temperature in a range of 80° C. to 115° C., and
wherein at least 95 weight percent of the melt-pourable explosive composition comprises a combination of the at least one organic binder and the at least one inorganic oxidizer.
16. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises at least one mononitro aromatic compound and at least one dinitro aromatic compound.
17. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the mononitro aromatics each comprise one nitrocarbon moiety and wherein the dinitro aromatics each comprise two nitrocarbon moieties.
18. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of nitrotoluenes, dinitrotoluenes, and dinitronaphthalenes.
19. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of nitrophenols, dinitrophenols, mononitroanilines, and dinitroanilines.
20. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of mononitro-substituted and dinitro-substituted phenyl alkyl ethers.
21. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dinitroanisole, 2,4-dinitrophenetole, and 4-methoxy-2-nitrophenol.
22. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises 2,4-dinitroanisole.
23. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises at least one heterocyclic compound.
24. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises an N-alkyl-nitroaniline processing aid.
25. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises N-methyl-nitroaniline as a processing aid.
26. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises an N-aryl-nitroaniline processing aid.
27. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one organic binder comprises at least one processing aid selected from the group consisting of N-alkyl nitroaniline and N-aryl-nitroaniline, the at least one processing aid accounting for not more than 1 weight percent of the melt-pourable explosive composition.
28. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one inorganic oxidizer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of perchlorates and nitrates.
29. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one inorganic oxidizer comprises at least one perchlorate selected from the group consisting of ammonium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, and potassium perchlorate.
30. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one inorganic oxidizer comprises at least one nitrate selected from the group consisting of ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, strontium nitrate, and potassium nitrate.
31. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one inorganic oxidizer has an average particle size of 3 microns to 60 microns.
32. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one inorganic oxidizer has an average particle size of 5 microns to 20 microns.
33. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein at least 99 weight percent of the melt-pourable explosive composition comprises a combination of the at least one organic binder and the at least one inorganic oxidizer.
34. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the melt-pourable explosive composition undergoes an onset of thermal decomposition at a temperature that is at least 55.5° C. higher than the temperature at which the melt-pourable explosive composition becomes pourable.
35. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the melt-pourable explosive composition exhibits a card gap value of less than 121.
36. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the melt-pourable explosive composition exhibits a card gap value of less than 101.
37. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the melt-pourable explosive composition exhibits a dent depth in a range of 0.754 cm to 0.922 cm.
38. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 15 , wherein the melt-pourable explosive composition has a total energy of detonation of 7.1 kJ/cc to 8.7 kJ/cc.
39. A melt-pourable explosive composition comprising:
30 weight percent to 70 weight percent of at least one organic binder selected from the group consisting of mononitro aromatics and dinitro aromatics, the at least one organic binder collectively exhibiting a total energy detonation lower than trinitrotoluene and collectively having a total melting point in a range of 80° C. to 115° C.; and
30 weight percent to 70 weight percent of at least one inorganic oxidizer,
wherein the melt-pourable explosive composition is melt-pourable at a temperature in a range of 80° C. to 115° C., undergoes an onset of thermal decomposition at a temperature that is at least 55.5° C. higher than the temperature at which the melt-pourable explosive composition becomes pourable and exhibits a card gap value of less than 121, a dent depth in a range of 0.754 cm to 0.922 cm, and a total energy of detonation of 7.1 kJ/cc to 8.7 kJ/cc, and
wherein at least 95 weight percent of the melt-pourable explosive composition comprises a combination of the at least one organic binder and the at least one inorganic oxidizer.
40. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 39 , wherein the card gap value exhibited by the melt-pourable explosive composition is less than 101.
41. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 39 , wherein the card gap value exhibited by the melt-pourable explosive composition is less than 81.
42. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 99 weight percent of the melt-pourable explosive composition comprises a combination of the at least one organic binder and the at least one inorganic oxidizer.
43. The melt-pourable explosive composition of claim 40 , wherein at least 99 weight percent of the melt-pourable explosive composition comprises a combination of the at least one organic binder and the at least one inorganic oxidizer.