Apparatus and methods for removing mercury from fluid streams
An apparatus and method for removing mercury, and in particular elemental mercury, from a fluid stream by exposing the fluid stream to a polyethersulfone surface onto which has been loaded elemental iodine. Elemental iodine is loaded onto the polyethersulfone surface by immersing the polyethersulfone substrate in an iodine/ethanol solution, then removing the substrate from the iodine/ethanol solution and rinsing in ethanol.
1. An apparatus for removing mercury from a gas stream, the apparatus comprising:
a polyethersulfone surface; and,
elemental iodine disposed thereon.
2. A method of removing mercury vapor from a gas stream comprising the steps of:
providing a polyethersulfone surface;
loading elemental iodine onto the polyethersulfone surface; and,
contacting the iodine-loaded polyethersulfone surface with a gas stream containing vapor-phase mercury.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the step of loading iodine onto the polyethersulfone surface includes the steps of:
dissolving elemental iodine in an alcohol; and,
applying the alcohol/iodine solution to the polyethersulfone surface.
4. A method according to claim 3 wherein the step of dissolving elemental iodine in an alcohol includes dissolving elemental iodine in ethanol.
5. A method according to claim 4 wherein the step of dissolving elemental iodine in ethanol comprises dissolving elemental iodine in ethanol at a ratio of at least 0.001 moles per liter.
6. A method according to claim 4 wherein the step of dissolving elemental iodine in ethanol comprises dissolving elemental iodine in ethanol at a ratio of at least 0.01 moles per liter.
7. A method according to claim 4 wherein the step of dissolving elemental iodine in ethanol comprises dissolving elemental iodine in ethanol at a ratio of between 0.05 and 0.10 moles per liter.
8. A method according to claim 4 wherein the step of dissolving elemental iodine in ethanol comprises dissolving elemental iodine in ethanol at a ratio of about 0.08 moles per liter.
9. A method according to claim 4 wherein the step of loading iodine onto the polyethersulfone filtering substrate includes the step of removing the polyethersulfone substrate from the ethanol and iodine solution and rinsing the polyethersulfone substrate in ethanol.
10. A method according to claim 2 wherein the step of loading iodine onto the polyethersulfone surface includes chemisorbing elemental iodine thereon.
11. A method according to claim 2 wherein the temperature of the gas stream is up to about 300° F.
12. A method according to claim 2 wherein the step of providing a polyethersulfone surface comprises providing a substrate having a polyethersulfone surface and selected from the group consisting of a a woven material, a fibrous mat, a porous solid, a non-porous solid, and a finely divided solid.
13. A method according to claim 2 wherein the at least one polyethersulfone surface comprises a plurality of polyethersulfone surfaces defining passageways through which flows the gas stream containing elemental mercury.
14. A method according to claim 2 which further comprises:
a filter chamber;
a filter support mounted in the filter chamber;
the filter mounted on the filter support; and,
an inlet conduit and an exhaust conduit in communication with the filter chamber.
15. A method according to claim 2 wherein the elemental mercury in the gas stream is a vapor.
16. A method according to claim 2 wherein the method of removing elemental mercury from a gas stream comprises a method of analyzing the gas stream to determine the amount of elemental mercury in the gas stream.
17. A method according to claim 2 wherein the step of providing a polyethersulfone surface comprises providing a substrate having a polyethersulfone surface and selected from the group consisting of a filter paper, a filter tape, and a membrane.
18. A method of analyzing mercury in a gas stream comprising the steps of:
providing a mercury containing gas stream;
extracting a portion of the gas stream;
passing the extracted portion through a filter train, the filter train comprising a first filter for extracting particulate oxidized mercury, a second filter for extracting oxidized vapor phase mercury, and a third filter for extracting elemental vapor phase mercury; and,
the third filter comprising a gas permeable polyethersulfone substrate having
elemental iodine disposed on the surface of the substrate.
19. A method according to claim 18 wherein the elemental iodine disposed on the surface of the gas permeable polyethersulfone substrate is chemisorbed thereon.
20. A method according to claim 19 wherein the iodine/ethanol has a ratio of at least 0.01 moles per liter.
21. A method according to claim 19 wherein the iodine/ethanol has a ratio of between 0.05 and 0.10 moles per liter.
22. A method according to claim 19 wherein the iodine/ethanol has a ratio of about 0.08 moles per liter.
23. A method according to claim 19 wherein the iodine/ethanol has a ratio of at least 0.001 moles per liter.
24. A method according to claim 19 wherein the iodine/ethanol has a ratio of at least 0.01 moles per liter.
25. A method according to claim 19 wherein the iodine/ethanol has a ratio of between 0.05 and 0.10 moles per liter.
26. A method according to claim 19 wherein the iodine/ethanol has a ratio of about 0.08 moles per liter.
27. A method according to claim 18 wherein the gas permeable polyethersulfone substrate having elemental iodine disposed on the surface of the substrate is formed by immersing the polyethersulfone filtering substrate in an ethanol/iodine solution.