Compositions and method for regulating apoptosis
Peptides and peptidomimetics capable of modulating apoptosis through their interaction with cellular IAPs (inhibitor of apoptosis proteins) are disclosed. The peptides and mimetics are based on the N-terminal tetrapeptide of IAP-binding proteins, such as Smac/DIABLO, Hid, Grim and Reaper, which interact with a specific surface groove of IAP. Also disclosed are methods of using these peptides and peptidomimetics for therapeutic purposes and for rational drug design.
1. A composition comprised of a peptidomimetic of a tetrapeptide having sequence X1-X2-X3-X4 wherein
X1 is A,
X2 is selected from the group consisting of V, T, and I,
X3 is selected from the group consisting of P and A,
X4 is selected from the group consisting of F, Y, I and V, and
wherein said peptidomimetic is capable of binding a BIR-3 domain of an Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP), wherein at least one of the amino acids is replaced with a modified amino acid, or at least one of the peptide bonds is replaced with a peptide bond substitute, and wherein the binding within a surface groove of the BIR-3 domain of the IAP is affected.
2. The composition of claim 1 , said peptidomimetic relieves IAP-mediated inhibition of caspase activity.
3. The composition of claim 1 , having an amino acid sequence substantially the same as a N-terminal sequence of cellular IAP-binding protein.
4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the cellular IAP-binding protein is a mammalian protein or a drosophila protein.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the tetrapeptide is selected from the group consisting of AVPI (SEQ ID NO. 1), AVAF (SEQ ID NO. 2), AIAY (SEQ ID NO. 3); AVPF (SEQ ID NO. 4); ATPF (SEQ ID NO. 5), AVPY, (SEQ ID NO. 6), and ATPV (SEQ ID NO. 7).
6. The composition of claim 5 , which is AVPF (SEQ ID NO:4).
7. A method of stimulating apoptosis in a cell, comprising administering to the cell the composition of claim 1 , in an amount sufficient to stimulate the apoptosis in the cell.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the cell is a cultured cell.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the cell is disposed within a living organism.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the organism is a mammal.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the mammal is a human.
12. A compound that binds a BIR-3 domain of an Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) and relieves IAP mediated inhibition of caspase activity, the compound having a formula R 1 -R 2 -R 3 -R 4 , wherein
R 1 is A or a mimetic of A;
R 2 is V, T or I, or a mimetic of V, T or I;
R 3 is P or A, or a mimetic of P or A;
R 4 is F, Y, I or V, or a mimetic of F, Y, I or V; and
wherein said peptidomimetic is capable of binding a BIR-3 domain of an Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP), wherein at least one of the amino acids is replaced with a modified amino acid, or at least one of the peptide bonds is replaced with a peptide bond substitutes, and wherein the binding within a surface groove of the BIR-3 domain of the IAP is affected.
13. The compound of claim 12 , which is a non-peptide or partial peptide mimetic of amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of AVPI (SEQ ID NO:1), AVAF (SEQ ID NO:2); AIAY (SEQ ID NO:3), AVPF (SEQ ID NO:4), ATPF (SEQ ID NO:5), AVPY (SEQ ID NO:6) and ATPV (SEQ ID NO:7).
14. The compound of claim 13 , which is a non-peptide or partial peptide mimetic of amino acid sequence AVPF (SEQ ID NO:4).