Substituted oxindole derivatives as protein tyrosine and as protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitors and compositions and methods of treating chemotherapy and radiation therapy side effects

1. A method of treating the severity of alopecia side-effects of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, in a subject receiving such therapy, comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of a cyclin-dependent kinase II inhibitor, wherein said inhibitor is a compound of the formula (I)

wherein

X is N, CH, CCF 3 , or C(C 1-12 aliphatic);

R 1 is hydrogen, C 1-12 aliphatic, thiol, hydroxy, hydroxy-C 1-12 aliphatic, Aryl, Aryl-C 1-12 aliphatic, R 6 -Aryl-C 1-12 aliphatic, Cyc, Cyc-C 1-6 aliphatic, Het, Het-C 1-12 aliphatic, C 1-12 alkoxy, Aryloxy, amino, c 1-12 aliphatic amino, di-C 1-12 aliphatic amino, di-C 1-12 aliphatic aminocarbonyl, di-C 1-12 aliphatic aminosulfonyl, C 1-12 alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, cyano, sulfonamide, or nitro, where R 6 , Aryl, Cyc and Het are as defined below;

R 2 is hydrogen, C 1-12 aliphatic, N-hydroxymino-C 1-12 aliphatic, C 1-12 alkoxy, hydroxy-C 1-12 aliphatic, C 1-12 alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl C 1-12 aliphatic, Aryl, R 6 -Aryl-oxycarbonyl, R 6 -oxycarbonyl-Aryl, Het, aminocarbonyl, C 1-12 aliphatic-aminocarbonyl, Aryl-C 1-12 aliphatic-aminocarbonyl, R 6 -Aryl-C 1-12 aliphatic-aminocarbonyl, Het-C 1-12 aliphatic-aminocarbonyl, hydroxy-C 1-12 aliphatic-aminocarbonyl, C 1-12 -alkoxy-C 1-12 aliphatic-aminocarbonyl, C 1-12 alkoxy-C 1-12 aliphatic-amino, di-C 1-12 aliphatic amino, di-C 1-12 aliphatic aminocarbonyl, di-C 1-12 aliphatic aminosulfonyl, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, C 1-12 aliphatic-sulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, or C 1-12 aliphatic-aminosulfonyl, where Aryl and Het are as defined below;

further wherein R 1 and R 2 are optionally joined to form a fused ring, said fused ring selected from the group as defined for Het below, or any of said fused rings optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, cyano, C 1-12 alkoxy, carbonyl-C 1-12 alkoxy or oxo;

R 3 is hydrogen, C 1-12 aliphatic, hydroxy, hydroxy C 1-12 aliphatic, di-C 1-12 aliphatic amino, di- 1-12 aliphatic aminocarbonyl, di-C 1-12 aliphatic aminosulfonyl, C 1-12 alkoxy, Aryl, Aryloxy, hydroxy-Aryl, Het, hydroxy-Het, Het-oxy, or halogen, where Aryl and Het are as defined below;

further wherein R 2 and R 3 are optionally joined to form a fused ring, said fused ring selected from the group as defined for Het below, or any of said fused rings optionally substituted by C 1-6 aliphatic or C 1-6 aliphatic-carbonyl;

with the proviso that R 1 , R 2 and R 3 cannot simultaneously be H;

R 4 is sulfonic acid, C 1-12 aliphatic-sulfonyl, sulfonyl-C 1-12 aliphatic, C 1-12 aliphatic-sulfonyl-C 1-6 aliphatic, C 1-6 aliphatic-amino, R 7 -sulfonyl, R 7 -sulfonyl-C 1-12 aliphatic, R 7 -aminosulfonyl, R 7 -aminosulfonyl-C 1-12 aliphatic, R 7 -sulfonylamino, R 7 -sulfonylamino-C 1-12 aliphatic, aminosulfonylamino, di-C 1-12 aliphatic amino, di-C 1-12 aliphatic aminocarbonyl, di-C 1-12 aliphatic aminosulfonyl, di-C 1-12 aliphatic amino, di-C 1-12 aliphatic aminocarbonyl, di-C 1-12 aliphatic aminosulfonyl-C 1-12 aliphatic, (R 8 ) 1-3 -Arylamino, (R 8 ) 1-3 -Arylsulfonyl, (R 8 ) 1-3 -Aryl-aminosulfonyl, (R 8 ) 1-3 -Aryl-sulfonylamino, Het-amino, Het-sulfonyl, Het-aminosulfonyl, aminoiminoamino, or aminoiminoaminosulfonyl, where R 7 , R 8 , Aryl and Het are as defined below;

R 5 is hydrogen;

and further wherein R 4 and R 5 are optionally joined to form a fused ring, said ring selected from the group as defined for Het below, or any of said used rings optionally substituted by C 1-12 aliphatic, oxo or dioxo;

R 6 is C 1-12 aliphatic, hydroxy, C 1-12 alkoxy, or halogen;

R 7 is hydrogen, C 1-12 aliphatic, C 1-12 alkoxy, hydroxy-C 1-12 alkoxy, hydroxy-C 1-12 aliphatic, carboxylic acid, C 1-12 aliphatic-carbonyl, Het, Het-C 1-12 aliphatic, Het-C 1-12 -alkoxy, di-Het-C 1-12 -alkoxy Aryl, Aryl-C 1-12 -aliphatic, Aryl-C 1-12 -alkoxy, Aryl-carbonyl, C 1-18 alkoxyalkoxyalkoxyalkoxyaliphatic, or hydroxyl where Het and Aryl are as defined below;

R 6 is hydrogen, nitro, cyano, C 1-12 alkoxy, halo, carbonyl-C 1-12 alkoxy or halo-C 1-12 aliphatic;

Aryl is phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl or anthracenyl;

Cyc is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl, any one of which may have one or more degrees of unsaturation;

Het is a saturated or unsaturated heteroatom ring system selected from the group consisting of benzimidazole, dihydrothiophene, dioxin, dioxane, dioxolane, dithiane, dithiazine, dithiazole, dithiolane, furan, imidazole, morpholine, oxazole, oxadiazole, oxathiazole, oxathiazolidine, oxazine, oxadiazine, piperazine, piperadine, pyran, pyrazine, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrazine, thiadiazine, thiadiazole, thiatrizole, thiazine, thiazole, thiomorpholine, thiophene, thiopyran, triazine and triazole with the proviso that when R 2 is thiadiazine, then R 4 cannot be methylsulfone;

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biohydrolyzable esters, biohydrolyzable amides, biahydrolyzable carbamates solvates, hydrates, affinity reagents or prodrugs thereof in either crystalline or amorphous form.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cyclin-dependent kinase II inhibitor is topically administered to the scalp to prevent/reduce the severity of chemotherapy-induced alopecia.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cyclin-dependent kinase II inhibitor is topically administered to the scalp to prevent/reduce the severity of radiation therapy-induced alopecia.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cyclin-dependent kinase II inhibitor is characterised by at least one of the following IC50 characteristics:

(a) an IC50 value of less than 2.5 nanoMolar against CDK2; and

(b) an IC50 value of less than 1.5 micromolar in a G1 checkpoint assay.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said administration of the cyclin-dependent kinase II inhibitor comprises non-systemic administration.