Devices, systems, and methods for reducing levels of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory stimulators or mediators in the blood
Devices, systems, and methods reduce levels of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory stimulators or mediators in blood by selective adsorption. The devices, systems, and methods are useful in situations where abnormal levels of or unregulated or excessive interaction among pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory stimulators or mediators occur, or during events that do induce or have the potential for inducing abnormal production of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory stimulators or mediators. The devices, systems, and methods serve to prevent, control, reduce, or alleviate the severity of the inflammatory response and disease states that are associated with abnormal levels of or unregulated or excessive interaction among pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory stimulators or mediators.
1. A system for treating an individual experiencing a chronic physiologic condition that is characterized by abnormal levels of cytokines or other species of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory stimulators or mediators in the blood, the system comprising a material that removes cytokines or other species of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory stimulators or mediators from blood by selective adsorption, and tubing for circulating the blood of the individual through the material, the tubing having a wall impregnated with the material.
2. A system according to claim 1
wherein the material comprises a polymeric material.
3. A system according to claim 2
wherein the polymeric material comprises particles prepared by polymerization or copolymerization of a monomer selected from a group consisting of styrene, ethylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, divinylbenzene, di isopropenyl benzene, trivinylbenzene, and alkyl methacrylate.
4. A system according to claim 2
wherein the polymeric material comprises particles formed from crosslinked polystyrene-type resins having a surface modified to minimize activation of blood complement system.
5. A system according to claim 2
wherein the polymeric material comprises particles formed from a porous hydrophobic divinylbenzene copolymer having a surface modified to include surface exposed functional groups selected from the group of polymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidine, N-vinylcaprolactame and N-acrylamide.
6. A system according to claim 2
wherein the polymeric material comprises particles formed by polymerization of aromatic divinyl compounds or their copolymerization with aromatic monovinyl compounds in the presence of porogens or mixtures of porogens with properties close to those of θ-solvents.
7. A system according to claim 1
wherein the material is characterized by a Biocompatibility Index of not greater than 14.
8. A system according to claim 7
wherein the Biocompatibility Index is not greater than 7.
9. A system according to claim 1
further including a source of an agent selected to be administered to the individual to treat the chronic physiologic condition.
10. A system according to claim 1
wherein the tubing includes an intravenous catheter.
11. A system according to claim 1
wherein the tubing includes an indwelling catheter.
12. A system according to claim 1
wherein the tubing is sized to be carried with the individual during ambulation.
13. A system for treating an individual experiencing trauma before onset of septic shock comprising a material that removes cytokines or other species of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory stimulators or mediators from blood by selective adsorption, and tubing for circulating the blood of the individual through the material, the tubing having a wall impregnated with the material.
14. A system according to claim 13
wherein the material comprises a polymeric material.
15. A system according to claim 14
wherein the polymeric material comprises particles prepared by polymerization or copolymerization of a monomer selected from a group consisting of styrene, ethylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, divinylbenzene, di isopropenyl benzene, trivinylbenzene, and alkyl methacrylate.
16. A system according to claim 14
wherein the polymeric material comprises particles formed from crosslinked polystyrene-type resins having a surface modified to minimize activation of blood complement system.
17. A system according to claim 14
wherein the polymeric material comprises particles formed from a porous hydrophobic divinylbenzene copolymer having a surface modified to include surface exposed functional groups selected from the group of polymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidine, N-vinylcaprolactame and N-acrylamide.
18. A system according to claim 14
wherein the polymeric material comprises particles formed by polymerization of aromatic divinyl compounds or their copolymerization with aromatic monovinyl compounds in the presence of porogens or mixtures of porogens with properties close to those of θ-solvents.
19. A system according to claim 13
wherein the material is characterized by a Biocompatibility Index of not greater than 14.
20. A system according to claim 19
wherein the Biocompatibility Index is not greater than 7.
21. A system according to claim 13
further including a source of an agent selected to be administered to the individual to treat trauma.
22. A system according to claim 13
wherein the tubing includes an intravenous catheter.
23. A system according to claim 13
wherein the tubing includes an indwelling catheter.
24. A system according to claim 13
wherein the tubing is sized to be carried with the individual during ambulation.