Apparatus for determining multi-bit data via light received by a light receiver and coupled to spectral sensors that measure light in spectral bands
Optical characteristic measuring systems and methods such as for determining the color or other optical characteristics of teeth are disclosed. Perimeter receiver fiber optics preferably are spaced apart from a source fiber optic and receive light from the surface of the object/tooth being measured. Light from the perimeter fiber optics pass to a variety of filters. The system utilizes the perimeter receiver fiber optics to determine information regarding the height and angle of the probe with respect to the object/tooth being measured. Under processor control, the optical characteristics measurement may be made at a predetermined height and angle. Various color spectral photometer arrangements are disclosed. Translucency, fluorescence, gloss and/or surface texture data also may be obtained. Audio feedback may be provided to guide operator use of the system. The probe may have a removable or shielded tip for contamination prevention. A method of producing dental prostheses based on measured data also is disclosed. Measured data also may be stored and/or organized as part of a patient data base. Such methods and implements may be desirably utilized for purposes of detecting and preventing counterfeiting or the like. Low cost and small form factor spectrometers, and methods for manufacturing the same, also are disclosed. Spectrometers and spectrophotometers embedded in printing and scanning and other type devices, as well as computer companion devices, scope-type devices and the like, also are disclosed. Data encoding based on such devices also may be implemented.
1. An apparatus for measuring spectral characteristics of received light, comprising:
one or more light receivers, wherein the received light is received by the one or more lights receivers;
one or more spectral sensors coupled to receive at least a portion of the received light, wherein the one or more spectral sensors measure the intensity of the received light in one or more predetermined spectral bands; and
a processor, wherein the processor receives data corresponding to one or more light intensities measured by the one or more spectral sensors;
wherein the processor determines a data value of at least two bits based on the received light measured in each of the one or more predetermined spectral bands, wherein the data value for each spectral band is determined based on the measured light intensity level of the received light in each spectral band.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least two bits of the data value are determined based on a comparison of a measured intensity value with a plurality of threshold values.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein intensities of received light are measured in N spectral bands, wherein M bits of data value are determined for each spectral band, wherein M times N total bits of data value are determined.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein N and M are each greater than one.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one spectral band comprises a reference band.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the processor determines the data value for each of the one or more predetermined spectral bands based on a measured intensity value of the reference band.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the one or more light receivers is/are moved relative to an object or material, wherein a plurality of data values are determined as the one or more light receivers is/are moved relative to the object or material.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein at least one measured intensity value of the reference band is used to determine a position of the one or more light receivers relative to the object or material.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein measured intensity values of the reference band are used to calculate a speed of movement value corresponding to a speed of movement of the one or more light receivers relative to the object or material.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more light receivers is/are moved relative to an object or material, wherein a plurality of data values are determined as the one or more light receivers is/are moved relative to the object or material.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one data value is determined as a function of a measured intensity in one spectral band and a measured intensity in a second spectral band.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one data value is determined as a function of a measured intensity in a first predetermined spectral band in a first area of an object or material and a measured intensity in a second predetermined spectral band in a second area of the object or material, wherein the first area is different from the second area.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the first predetermined spectral band comprises a different spectral band from the second predetermined spectral band.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprises a color bar code reader.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the received light passes through one or more interference filter elements prior to being measured by the one or more spectral sensors.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the received light passes through a plurality of interference filter elements prior to being measured by a plurality of spectral sensors.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of interference filter elements comprise a color gradient filter.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more spectral sensors comprise one or more light to frequency converter sensing elements.
19. An apparatus for measuring spectral characteristics of received light, comprising:
one or more light receivers, wherein the received light is received by the one or more lights receivers, wherein the received light comprises light in a plurality of predetermined spectral bands;
a plurality of spectral sensors coupled to receive at least a portion of the received light, wherein the plurality of spectral sensors measure the intensity of the received light in the plurality of predetermined spectral bands; and
a processor, wherein the processor receives data corresponding to a plurality of light intensities measured by the plurality of spectral sensors;
wherein the processor determines at least one data value as a function of a measured intensity in one spectral band and a measured intensity in a second spectral band.
20. An apparatus for measuring spectral characteristics of received light, comprising:
one or more light receivers, wherein the received light is received by the one or more lights receivers, wherein the received light comprises light in a plurality of predetermined spectral bands;
a plurality of spectral sensors coupled to receive at least a portion of the received light, wherein the plurality of spectral sensors measure the intensity of the received light in the plurality of predetermined spectral bands; and
a processor, wherein the processor receives data corresponding to the plurality of light intensities measured by the plurality of spectral sensors;
wherein the processor determines at least one data value as a function of a measured intensity in a first predetermined spectral band in a first area of an object or material and a measured intensity in a second predetermined spectral band in a second area of the object or material, wherein the first area is different from the second area.