High linearity circuits and methods regarding same
Circuits and methods that improve linearity with use of cancellation of at least a portion, and preferably, substantially all of, at least one significant harmonic from the output of a primary circuit, e.g., the 3 rd harmonic, using the output of a substantially functionally identical auxiliary circuit.
1. A method to improve linearity in electrical circuitry, the method comprising:
providing a primary circuit;
providing at least one auxiliary circuit, wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit is substantially functionally identical to the primary circuit, and further wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit has a gain that is different than a gain of the primary circuit;
applying a first input signal to the primary circuit resulting in a first output signal;
applying a second input signal to the auxiliary circuit resulting in a second output signal, wherein the second input signal has an amplitude that is different than the first input signal; and
canceling at least a portion of at least one harmonic of the first output signal using the second output signal.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein canceling at least a portion of at least one harmonic of the first output signal using the second output signal comprises canceling at least a portion of a third harmonic of the first output signal using the second output signal.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second input signal is β times the first input signal.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the gain of the auxiliary circuit is 1/β 3 of the gain of the primary circuit.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises multiple auxiliary circuits, each of the multiple auxiliary circuits used to cancel at least a portion of a harmonic of the first output signal of the primary circuit.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises a differentially designed circuit.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises an amplifier circuit.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise a frequency conversion circuit.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise a switched capacitor circuit.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises applying the first output signal having the at least a portion of at least one harmonic cancelled therefrom to a component in a communication system.
11. A circuit apparatus comprising:
a primary circuit operable to receive a first input signal and generate a first output signal; and
at least one auxiliary circuit, wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit is substantially functionally identical to the primary circuit, wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit has a gain that is different from a gain of the primary circuit, wherein the auxiliary circuit is operable to receive a second input signal and generate a second output signal, wherein the second input signal has an amplitude that is different than the first input signal, and further wherein the auxiliary circuit is connected to the primary circuit so as to result in cancellation of at least a portion of at least one harmonic of the first output signal using the second output signal.
12. The circuit apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the auxiliary circuit is connected to the primary circuit so as to result in cancellation of at least a portion of a third harmonic of the first output signal using the second output signal.
13. The circuit apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the circuit apparatus comprises a gain circuit that provides β times gain to the first input signal resulting in the second input signal.
14. The circuit apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the circuit apparatus comprises a gain circuit that provides the first input signal by dividing a signal provided as the second input signal by β such that the ratio of the second input signal to the first input signal is β.
15. The circuit apparatus of claim 11 , wherein a ratio of the second input signal to the first input signal is β, wherein the gain of the auxiliary circuit is 1/β 3 of the gain of the primary circuit.
16. The circuit apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises multiple auxiliary circuits, each of the multiple auxiliary circuits used to cancel at least a portion of a harmonic of the first output signal of the primary circuit.
17. The circuit apparatus of claim 11 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises a differentially designed circuit.
18. The circuit apparatus of claim 11 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises an amplifier circuit.
19. The circuit apparatus of claim 11 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise a frequency conversion circuit.
20. The circuit apparatus of claim 11 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise a switched capacitor circuit.
21. The circuit apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the circuit apparatus is operably connected with one or more components of a communication system.
22. A method to improve linearity in electrical circuitry, the method comprising:
providing a primary circuit;
providing at least one auxiliary circuit, wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit is substantially functionally identical to the primary circuit, and further wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit has a gain that is different than a gain of the primary circuit;
applying an input signal to the primary circuit resulting in an output signal; and
using the at least one auxiliary circuit to cancel at least a portion of at least one harmonic of the output signal of the primary circuit.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise an amplifier circuit.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise a frequency conversion circuit.
25. The method of claim 22 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise a switched capacitor circuit.
26. The method of claim 22 , wherein using the at least one auxiliary circuit to cancel at least a portion of at least one harmonic of the output signal of the primary circuit comprises using the auxiliary circuit to cancel at least a portion of a third harmonic of the output signal.
27. A method to improve linearity in electrical circuitry, the method comprising:
providing a primary amplifier circuit;
providing an auxiliary amplifier circuit, wherein the auxiliary amplifier circuit is substantially functionally identical to the primary amplifier circuit, and further wherein the at least one auxiliary amplifier circuit has a gain that is 1/β 3 of a gain of the primary circuit;
applying a first input signal to the primary amplifier circuit resulting in a first output signal;
applying a second input signal to the auxiliary amplifier circuit resulting in a second output signal, wherein a ratio of the second input signal to the first input signal is β; and
canceling at least a portion of a third harmonic of the first output signal by subtracting the second output signal from the first output signal.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the method further comprises applying the first output signal having the at least a portion of a third harmonic of the first output signal cancelled therefrom to a component in a communication system.
29. A method to improve linearity in electrical circuitry, the method comprising:
providing a primary mixer circuit;
providing an auxiliary mixer circuit, wherein the auxiliary mixer circuit is substantially functionally identical to the primary mixer circuit;
applying a first input signal to the primary mixer circuit resulting in a first output signal;
applying a second input signal to the auxiliary mixer circuit resulting in a second output signal, wherein the second input signal has an amplitude that is different than the first input signal; and
canceling at least a portion of a third harmonic of the first output signal using the second output signal.
30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the method further comprises applying the first output signal having the at least a portion of a third harmonic of the first output signal cancelled therefrom to a component in a communication system.
31. The method of claim 29 , wherein the auxiliary mixer circuit has a gain that is different than a gain of the primary mixer circuit.
32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the second input signal is β times the first input signal.
33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the gain of the auxiliary circuit is 1/β 3 of the gain of the primary circuit.
34. A method to improve linearity in electrical circuitry, the method comprising:
providing an integrated circuit comprising a primary circuit and at least one auxiliary circuit, wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit is substantially functionally identical to the primary circuit;
applying a first input signal to the primary circuit resulting in a first output signal;
applying a second input signal to the auxiliary circuit resulting in a second output signal, wherein the second input signal has an amplitude that is different than the first input signal; and
canceling at least a portion of at least one harmonic of the first output signal using the second output signal.
35. The method of claim 34 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises a differentially designed circuit.
36. The method of claim 34 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises an amplifier circuit.
37. The method of claim 34 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise a frequency conversion circuit.
38. The method of claim 34 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise a switched capacitor circuit.
39. The method of claim 34 , wherein the method further comprises applying the first output signal having the at least a portion of at least one harmonic cancelled therefrom to a component in a communication system.
40. The method of claim 34 , wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit has a gain that is different from a gain of the primary circuit.
41. The method of claim 34 , wherein canceling at least a portion of at least one harmonic of the first output signal using the second output signal comprises canceling at least a portion of a third harmonic of the first output signal using the second output signal.
42. The method of claim 34 , wherein the second input signal is β times the first input signal, and further wherein a gain of the at least one auxiliary circuit is 1/β 3 of a gain of the primary circuit.
43. The method of claim 34 , wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises multiple auxiliary circuits, each of the multiple auxiliary circuits used to cancel at least a portion of a harmonic of the first output signal of the primary circuit.
44. A circuit apparatus comprising an integrated circuit, wherein the integrated circuit comprises a primary circuit operable to receive a first input signal and generate a first output signal and at least one auxiliary circuit, wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit is substantially functionally identical to the primary circuit, wherein the auxiliary circuit is operable to receive a second input signal and generate a second output signal, wherein the second input signal has an amplitude that is different than the first input signal, and further wherein the auxiliary circuit is connected to the primary circuit so as to result in cancellation of at least a portion of at least one harmonic of the first output signal using the second output signal.
45. The circuit apparatus of claim 44 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises a differentially designed circuit.
46. The circuit apparatus of claim 44 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises an amplifier circuit.
47. The circuit apparatus of claim 44 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise a frequency conversion circuit.
48. The circuit apparatus of claim 44 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise a switched capacitor circuit.
49. The circuit apparatus of claim 44 , wherein the circuit apparatus is operably connected with one or more components of a communication system.
50. The circuit apparatus of claim 44 , wherein the auxiliary circuit is connected to the primary circuit so as to result in cancellation of at least a portion of a third harmonic of the first output signal using the second output signal.
51. The circuit apparatus of claim 44 , wherein the circuit apparatus comprises a gain circuit that provides β times gain to the first input signal resulting in the second input signal.
52. The circuit apparatus of claim 44 , wherein the circuit apparatus comprises a gain circuit that provides the first input signal by dividing a signal provided as the second input signal by β such that a ratio of the second input signal to the first input signal is β.
53. The circuit apparatus of claim 44 , wherein a ratio of the second input signal to the first input signal is β, and further a gain of the auxiliary circuit is 1/β 3 of a gain of the primary circuit.
54. The circuit apparatus of claim 44 , wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises multiple auxiliary circuits, each of the multiple auxiliary circuits used to cancel at least a portion of a harmonic of the first output signal of the primary circuit.
55. The circuit apparatus of claim 44 , wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit has a gain that is different from a gain of the primary circuit.
56. A method to improve linearity in electrical circuitry, the method comprising:
providing an integrated circuit comprising a primary circuit and at least one auxiliary circuit, wherein the at least one auxiliary circuit is substantially functionally identical to the primary circuit;
applying an input signal to the primary circuit resulting in an output signal; and
using the at least one auxiliary circuit to cancel at least a portion of at least one harmonic of the output signal of the primary circuit.
57. The method of claim 56 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises a differentially designed circuit.
58. The method of claim 56 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise an amplifier circuit.
59. The method of claim 56 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise a frequency conversion circuit.
60. The method of claim 56 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprise a switched capacitor circuit.
61. The method of claim 56 , wherein using the at least one auxiliary circuit to cancel at least a portion of at least one harmonic of the output signal of the primary circuit comprises using the auxiliary circuit to cancel at least a portion of a third harmonic of the output signal.
62. A method to improve linearity in electrical circuitry, the method comprising:
providing an integrated circuit, wherein the integrated circuit comprises a primary amplifier circuit and an auxiliary amplifier circuit, wherein the auxiliary amplifier circuit is substantially functionally identical to the primary amplifier circuit, and further wherein a gain of the auxiliary circuit is 1/β 3 a gain of the primary circuit;
applying a first input signal to the primary amplifier circuit resulting in a first output signal;
applying a second input signal to the auxiliary amplifier circuit resulting in a second output signal, wherein a ratio of the second input signal to the first input signal is β; and
canceling at least a portion of a third harmonic of the first output signal by subtracting the second output signal from the first output signal.
63. The method of claim 62 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the at least one auxiliary circuit comprises a differentially designed circuit.
64. The method of claim 62 , wherein the method further comprises applying the first output signal having the at least a portion of a third harmonic of the first output signal cancelled therefrom to a component in a communication system.
65. A method to improve linearity in electrical circuitry, the method comprising:
providing a primary circuit;
applying a first input signal to the primary circuit resulting in a first output signal;
providing multiple auxiliary circuits, wherein each of the multiple auxiliary circuits is substantially functionally identical to the primary circuit;
applying an auxiliary input signal to each of the multiple auxiliary circuits resulting in auxiliary output signals from each of the multiple auxiliary circuits, wherein each of the auxiliary input signals has an amplitude that is different than the first input signal; and
using the auxiliary output signal from each of the multiple auxiliary circuits to cancel at least a portion of a harmonic of the first output signal of the primary circuit.
66. The method of claim 65 , wherein using the auxiliary output signal from each of the multiple auxiliary circuits to cancel at least a portion of a harmonic of the first output signal of the primary circuit comprises canceling at least a portion of a third harmonic of the first output signal.
67. The method of claim 65 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the multiple auxiliary circuits comprises a differentially designed circuit.
68. The method of claim 65 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the multiple auxiliary circuits comprises one of an amplifier circuit, a frequency conversion circuit, and a switched capacitor circuit.
69. The method of claim 65 , wherein the method further comprises applying the first output signal having the at least a portion of at least one harmonic cancelled therefrom to a component in a communication system.
70. The method of claim 65 , wherein each of the multiple auxiliary circuits has a gain that is different from a gain of the primary circuit.
71. A circuit apparatus comprising:
a primary circuit operable to receive a first input signal and generate a first output signal; and
multiple auxiliary circuits, wherein each of the multiple auxiliary circuits is substantially functionally identical to the primary circuit; wherein each of the multiple auxiliary circuits is operable to receive an auxiliary input signal and generate an auxiliary output signal, wherein each of the auxiliary input signals has an amplitude that is different than the first input signal, and further wherein each of the multiple auxiliary circuits is connected to the primary circuit so as to result in cancellation of at least a portion of a harmonic of the first output signal of the primary circuit.
72. The circuit apparatus of claim 71 , wherein at least one of the multiple auxiliary circuits is connected to the primary circuit so as to result in cancellation of at least a portion of a third harmonic of the first output signal.
73. The circuit apparatus of claim 71 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the multiple auxiliary circuits comprises a differentially designed circuit.
74. The circuit apparatus of claim 71 , wherein each of the primary circuit and the multiple auxiliary circuits comprises one of an amplifier circuit, a frequency conversion circuit, and a switched capacitor circuit.
75. The circuit apparatus of claim 71 , wherein the circuit apparatus is operably connected with one or more components of a communication system.