Nucleic acid shuffling
Disclosed is a method of altering a nucleic acid. The method includes fragmenting a parent nucleic acid strand to generate nucleic acid fragments. At least a subset of the fragments are ligated to generate shuffled nucleic acid strands. A selected strand is identified from the shuffled nucleic acid strands for a criterion.
1. A method comprising:
a) fragmenting parent nucleic acids thereby generating three or more double-stranded nucleic acid fragments that have blunt ends;
b) randomly ligating at least a subset of the blunt-ended double-stranded nucleic acid fragments to a hairpin nucleic acid and generating shuffled nucleic acids such that 5′ and 3′ ends of the shuffled nucleic acids are capped and can no longer ligate to other nucleic acid molecules;
c) amplifying the shuffled nucleic acids using a primer that anneals to the hairpin nucleic acid thereby generating amplified shuffled nucleic acids; and
d) identifying a first selected nucleic acid for a non-coding property from the amplified shuffled nucleic acids.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the average size of the shuffled nucleic acids is less than the size of the parent nucleic acid.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the non-coding property is binding property of the selected nucleic acid to a ligand.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the identifying step comprises contacting the amplified shuffled nucleic acids to a target molecule and separating the the amplified shuffled nucleic acids according to their ability to bind to the target molecule.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein the ligand comprises a polypeptide.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein the ligand comprises a small organic molecule, other than a polypeptide.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the non-coding property is an enzymatic activity of the selected nucleic acid.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising: identifying a second selected nucleic acid for the non-coding property from the amplified shuffled nucleic acids.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprising performing steps a) to d) by using parent nucleic acids comprising the first selected nucleic acid and the second selected nucleic acid.
10. The method of claim 8 further comprising selecting a minimal fragment from the first selected nucleic acid and the second selected nucleic acid and evaluating the minimal fragment for the non-coding property.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising, prior to the fragmenting step, providing a plurality of nucleic acids that are degenerate oligonucleotides or are synthesized from degenerate oligonucleotides; and selecting a subset of the plurality of nucleic acids as the parental nucleic acids by evaluating a non-coding property of each of the plurality of nucleic acids.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said fragmenting the parent nucleic acids are with a nonspecific endonuclease.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the parental nucleic acids have a non-coding property that satisfies a criterion.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the nucleic acid fragments are less than 5000 nucleotides and greater than 10 nucleotides in length or less than 200 nucleotides and greater than 20 nucleotides in length.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the ligating step includes the use of T4 DNA ligase.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the hairpin nucleic acid is DNA hairpin and is added prior to adding the DNA ligase.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the hairpin nucleic acid is DNA hairpin and comprises 2%-25% of the molar concentration of the nucleic acid fragments.
18. A method comprising:
a) fragmenting a parent nucleic acid thereby generating three or more double-stranded nucleic acid fragments;
b) modifying the double-stranded nucleic acid fragments such that the double-stranded nucleic acid fragments have blunt ends;
c) ligating the blunt ends of at least a subset of the double-stranded nucleic acid fragments at random to a hairpin nucleic acid and generating shuffled nucleic acids such that 5′ and 3′ ends of the shuffled nucleic acids are capped and can no longer ligate to other nucleic acid molecules and at least one of the shuffled nucleic acids is non-homologous or in vitro non-homologous to the parent nucleic acid;
d) amplifying the shuffled nucleic acids using a primer that anneals to the hairpin nucleic acid thereby generating amplified shuffled nucleic acids; and
e) identifying a first selected nucleic acid for a non-coding property from the amplified shuffled nucleic acids.
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising: identifying a second selected nucleic acid for the non-coding property from the amplified shuffled nucleic acids.
20. The method of claim 19 further comprising performing steps a) to e) by using parent nucleic acids comprising the first selected nucleic acid and the second selected nucleic acid.
21. The method of claim 19 further comprising selecting a minimal fragment from the first selected nucleic acid and the second selected nucleic acid and evaluating the minimal fragment for the non-coding property.